Breakdown of Slender Vortices

The first observation of the breakdown of leading-edge vortices above a delta wing, made by Peckham and Atkinson (1957), initiated a series of investigations of this problem during the last three decades. In spite of extensive theoretical and experimental research since, no generally accepted explanation for vortex breakdown has been found. The continued interest in this phenomenon is demonstrated by several reviews (Hall 1972; Leibovich 1978; Escudier 1988) and two conferences on vortex breakdown in Aachen, Germany in 1985 and Baden, Switzerland in 1987. Since then, increases in computational power and new experimental techniques have made possible the simulation of unsteady, three-dimensional flows and the comparison of the simulations with experimental results. Vortex breakdown is one such unsteady three-dimensional flow. The major aim of this chapter is, therefore, to review these latest developments in vortex breakdown research.

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