Signal validation in electroencephalography research

Event related potentials are signals that can be evoked from the nervous system, and measured at the (human) scalp through methodical stimulation of one or more sensory modalities. The actual response signal is always deeply embedded in the background EEG activity, where signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) for a single response can be as low as -20dB. Therefore, additional processing is needed to extract the evoked response signal from the measurement. The most common processing method is averaging of single trials (sweeps), by which the event related (time-locked to the stimulus) signal is enhanced and the unlocked signal is cancelled out. However, while this, or any other, processing technique is meant to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the response signal, it is still uncommon to indicate the quality of the

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