HEAVY VEHICLE DRIVER WORKLOAD ASSESSMENT. TASK 4: REVIEW OF WORKLOAD AND RELATED RESEARCH

This report reviews literature on workload measures and related research. It depicts the preliminary development of a theoretical basis for relating driving workload to highway safety and a selective review of driver performance evaluation, workload evaluation in driving contexts, and risk-taking and risk adaptation behavior. An actuarial approach to establish the safety relevance of workload measures is discussed in conjunction with a driver resources allocation model of in-cab device workload. The report concludes with the presentation of a driver resources-based taxonomy of in-cab tasks and candidate workload measures and their potential sensitivity to tasks described in the taxonomy.

[1]  I. Brown,et al.  Interference between concurrent tasks of driving and telephoning. , 1969, The Journal of applied psychology.

[2]  Thomas A. Dingus,et al.  Visual Attentional Demand of An In-car Navigation Display System , 1988 .

[3]  Walter W. Wierwille,et al.  Validation of a Driving Simulation Facility for Instrument Panel Task Performance , 1990 .

[4]  Eugene Farber,et al.  ATTENTIONAL DEMAND AS A MEASURE OF THE INFLUENCE OF VISIBILITY CONDITIONS ON DRIVING TASK DIFFICULTY WITH DISCUSSION , 1972 .

[5]  Duane T. McRuer,et al.  Alcohol Effects on Driving Behavior and Performance in a Car Simulator , 1975, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[6]  J. Adams,et al.  Public Safety Legislation and the Risk Compensation Hypothesis: The Example of Motorcycle Helmet Legislation , 1983 .

[7]  H Godthelp,et al.  Vehicle Control During Curve Driving , 1986, Human factors.

[8]  P N Joubert,et al.  Detection of Changes in Automobile Steering Sensitivity , 1974, Human factors.

[9]  Neville Moray.  The Role of Attention in the Detection of Errors and the Diagnosis of Failures in Man-Machine Systems , 1981 .

[10]  Y I Noy.  Theoretical Review of the Secondary Task Methodology for Evaluating Intelligent Automobile Displays , 1987 .

[11]  E. Poulton,et al.  MEASURING THE SPARE ‘MENTAL CAPACITY ’OF CAR DRIVERS BY A SUBSIDIARY TASK , 1961 .

[12]  Brian S. Repa,et al.  Driver Performance in Controlling a Driving Simulator with Varying Vehicle Response Characteristics , 1976 .

[13]  R R Mourant,et al.  HUMAN FACTORS REQUIREMENTS FOR FINGERTIP REACH CONTROLS , 1977 .

[14]  Earl A. Alluisi,et al.  On the Specification of Operator or Occupational Workload with Performance-Measurement Methods , 1979 .

[15]  David C. Viano,et al.  Patterns of Arm Position during Normal Driving , 1989 .

[16]  R R Simmons,et al.  Methodological Considerations of Visual Workloads of Helicopter Pilots , 1979, Human factors.

[17]  W W Wierwille,et al.  Driver Steering Reaction Time to Abrupt-Onset Crosswinds, as Measured In a Moving-Base Driving Simulator , 1983, Human factors.

[18]  A Ceder,et al.  Drivers' Eye Movements as Related to Attention in Simulated Traffic Flow Conditions , 1977, Human factors.

[19]  Hans Godthelp,et al.  Effects of Vehicle Handling Characteristics on Driving Strategy , 1988 .

[20]  Kåre Rumar,et al.  Driver Reaction to a Technical Safety Measure—Studded Tires , 1976 .

[21]  D. H. Taylor,et al.  DRIVERS' GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE AND THE RISK OF ACCIDENT , 1964 .

[22]  Martin G Helander,et al.  PHYSIOLOGICAL REACTIONS OF DRIVERS AS INDICATORS OF ROAD TRAFFIC DEMAND , 1975 .

[23]  W H Brouwer,et al.  Divided Attention in Experienced Young and Older Drivers: Lane Tracking and Visual Analysis in a Dynamic Driving Simulator , 1991, Human factors.

[24]  Barry H. Kantowitz,et al.  When is an easy task difficult and vice versa? A reply to lane☆ , 1978 .

[25]  Richard J. Jagacinski,et al.  Target Acquisition: Performance Measures, Process Models, and Design Implications , 1989 .

[26]  Y. Ian Noy.  Selective Attention with Auxiliary Automobile Displays , 1990 .

[27]  Lynn A. Streeter,et al.  How to Tell People Where to Go: Comparing Navigational Aids , 1985, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[28]  Charles C. Adams,et al.  Safety Aspects of CRT Touch Panel Controls in Automobiles , 1988 .

[29]  F. McKenna.  WHAT ROLE SHOULD THE CONCEPT OF RISK PLAY IN THEORIES OF ACCIDENT INVOLVEMENT , 1988 .

[30]  Wendy Macdonald,et al.  Review of Relationships Between Steering Wheel Reversal Rate and Driving Task Demand , 1980 .

[31]  H Zeier,et al.  Concurrent physiological activity of driver and passenger when driving with and without automatic transmission in heavy city traffic. , 1979, Ergonomics.

[32]  Gerald J.S. Wilde,et al.  The Theory of Risk Homeostasis: Implications for Safety and Health , 1982 .

[33]  John W. Senders,et al.  THE ATTENTIONAL DEMAND OF AUTOMOBILE DRIVING , 1967 .

[34]  D. Broadbent.  Perception and communication , 1958 .

[35]  T J Triggs,et al.  Visual Accommodation and Target Detection in the Vicinity of a Window Post , 1989, Human factors.

[36]  W. Dean Chiles,et al.  Effects of Alcohol on Complex Performance , 1970, Human factors.

[37]  Thomas A. Dingus,et al.  Strategic Use Of Visual Resources By The Driver While Navigating With An In-Car Navigation Display System , 1988 .

[38]  W. Wierwille,et al.  Effects of Instrument Panel Luminance and Chromaticity on Reading Performance and Preference in Simulated Driving , 1989 .

[39]  T H Rockwell,et al.  Spare Visual Capacity in Driving-Revisited: New Empirical Results for an Old Idea , 1988 .

[40]  R. E. Fenton.  An Improved Man-Machine Interface for the Driver-Vehicle System , 1966 .

[41]  J. Gibson,et al.  A theoretical field-analysis of automobile-driving , 1938 .

[42]  Thomas A. Dingus,et al.  An Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Efficiency of an Automobile Moving-Map Navigational Display , 1990, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[43]  J. E. Korteling,et al.  Perception-Response Speed and Driving Capabilities of Brain-Damaged and Older Drivers , 1990, Human factors.

[44]  W B Verwey.  TOWARDS GUIDELINES FOR IN-CAR INFORMATION MANAGEMENT: DRIVER WORKLOAD IN SPECIFIC DRIVING SITUATIONS , 1991 .

[45]  Ronald R. Mourant,et al.  Direct Looks and Control Location in Automobiles , 1980 .

[46]  W W Wierwille,et al.  The Effect of Repeated Emergency Response Trials on Performance during Extended-Duration Simulated Driving , 1982, Human factors.

[47]  I. D. Brown,et al.  MEASURING THE ‘ SPARE MENTAL CAPACITY ’ OP CAR DRIVERS BY A SUBSIDIARY AUDITORY TASK , 1962 .

[48]  Mark H. Chignell,et al.  Mental workload dynamics in adaptive interface design , 1988, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern..

[49]  A K Lund,et al.  Perceived risks and driving behavior. , 1986, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[50]  I D Brown,et al.  A comparison of two subsidiary tasks used to measure fatigue in car drivers. , 1965, Ergonomics.

[51]  U. Neisser,et al.  Selective looking: Attending to visually specified events , 1975, Cognitive Psychology.

[52]  Walter W. Wierwille,et al.  STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR INSTRUMENT PANEL ARRANGEMENT , 1981 .

[53]  Walter W. Wierwille,et al.  Comparison of Five Mental Workload Assessment Procedures in a Moving-Base Driving Simulator , 1979 .

[54]  G. Johansson,et al.  Drivers' Brake Reaction Times , 1971, Human factors.

[55]  Sam Peltzman,et al.  The effects of automobile safety regulation: Reply , 1976 .

[56]  R. Näätänen,et al.  Road user behavior and traffic accidents , 1976 .

[57]  Y I Noy,et al.  ATTENTION AND PERFORMANCE WHILE DRIVING WITH AUXILIARY IN-VEHICLE DISPLAYS , 1990 .

[58]  A Drory,et al.  Effects of Rest and Secondary Task on Simulated Truck-Driving Task Performance , 1985, Human factors.

[59]  Michael Sivak,et al.  Driver Responses to High-Mounted Brake Lights in Actual Traffic , 1981 .

[60]  R R Mourant,et al.  Mapping Eye-Movement Patterns to the Visual Scene in Driving: An Exploratory Study1 , 1970, Human factors.

[61]  Walter W. Wierwille,et al.  Age-Related Decrements in Automobile Instrument Panel Task Performance , 1989 .

[62]  M L Matthews.  The Influence of Visual Workload History on Visual Performance , 1986, Human factors.

[63]  C D Wickens,et al.  Causes of dissociation between subjective workload measures and performance ; Caveats for the use of subjective assessments. , 1986, Applied ergonomics.

[64]  M. S. Mayzner,et al.  Cognition And Reality , 1976 .

[65]  I D Brown,et al.  Subjective and objective comparisons of successful and unsuccessful trainee drivers. , 1966, Ergonomics.

[66]  T H Rockwell,et al.  THE UTILITY OF PERIPHERAL VISION TO MOTOR VEHICLE DRIVERS , 1977 .

[67]  Brian O'Neill,et al.  Mandatory Belt Use and Driver Risk Taking: An Empirical Evaluation of the Risk-Compensation Hypothesis , 1985 .

[68]  Louis Myers,et al.  HEAVY VEHICLE DRIVER WORKLOAD ASSESSMENT. TASK 3: TASK ANALYSIS DATA COLLECTION , 1996 .

[69]  J. Godthelp,et al.  Driver's Lateral Control Strategy as Affected by Task Demands and Driving Experience , 1977 .

[70]  Leonard Evans,et al.  Human Behavior Feedback and Traffic Safety , 1985 .

[71]  H Herman Bouma.  Human factors in technology , 1991 .

[72]  W B Verwey.  Adaptable Driver-Car Interfacing and Mental Workload: a Review of the Literature , 1990 .

[73]  Heikki Summala,et al.  Driver/Vehicle Steering Response Latencies , 1981 .

[74]  Thomas A. Dingus,et al.  Attentional demand requirements of an automobile moving-map navigation system , 1989 .

[75]  Newton C. Ellis,et al.  DRIVER WORK LOAD FOR VARIOUS TURN RADII AND SPEEDS , 1975 .

[76]  W W Wierwille,et al.  AUTOMOTIVE ERGONOMICS. CHAPTER 14. VISUAL AND MANUAL DEMANDS OF IN- CAR CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS , 1993 .

[77]  R. Wade Allen,et al.  A simulator study of the safety implications of cellular mobile phone use , 1987 .

[78]  R. Dewar,et al.  Reaction Time as an Index of Traffic Sign Perception , 1976, Human factors.

[79]  A J McKnight,et al.  The effect of cellular phone use upon driver attention. , 1993, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[80]  Willem B Verwey.  ADAPTABLE DRIVER-CAR INTERACTION IN THE GIDS SYSTEM : GUIDELINES AND PRELIMINARY DESIGN FROM A HUMAN FACTORS POINT OF VIEW , 1990 .

[81]  Errol R. Hoffmann,et al.  Steering Reversals as a Measure of Driver Performance and Steering Task Difficulty , 1975 .

[82]  S N Roscoe,et al.  Eye accommodation to head-up virtual images. , 1988, Human factors.

[83]  Walter W. Wierwille,et al.  Comparison of Primary and Secondary Task Measures as a Function of Simulated Vehicle Dynamics and Driving Conditions , 1978 .

[84]  Paul Milgram,et al.  The Development of a Time-Related Measure to Describe Driving Strategy , 1984 .

[85]  I D Brown,et al.  Drivers' Judgments of Safe Distances in Vehicle Following , 1978, Human factors.

[86]  W W Wierwille,et al.  Development of models for on-board detection of driver impairment. , 1987, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[87]  Walter W. Wierwille,et al.  Secondary Task Measurement of Workload as a Function of Simulated Vehicle Dynamics and Driving Conditions , 1977 .