Adsorptive removal of methyl orange from aqueous solutions by polyvinylidene fluoride triflouroethylene/carbon nanotube/kaolin nanocomposite: kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics

In the present study, the poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene), P(VDF–TrFE)/non functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/kaolin composite, (P(VDF–TrFE)/MWCNTs/K) was prepared successfully for the removal of Methyl orange from aqueous solutions with high adsorption capacity. The physicochemical properties were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, agitation rate, initial dye concentration, and temperature. The experimental equilibrium adsorption data indicate that the monolayer coverage is 62.89 mg/g. The recyclability and regeneration of the composite were investigated and illustrated that the composite could be recycled at least three times. Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics were also studied. Therefore, the developed composite is regarded as a better adsorbent to address industrial wastewater in Egypt with low-cost and excellent efficiency.

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