Importance-sampled pulse broadening statistics before and after PMD compensation

We have shown analytically and numerically that, when a variable-delay polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) compensator is used, the residual pulse broadening (or its minimum value) is proportional to second-order PMD, even in cases where the PMD correlation bandwidth exceeds the pulse bandwidth. Since second-order PMD is one of the main factors contributing to the pulse broadening after PMD compensation, numerical investigations of PMD compensators should take into account a wide range of second-order PMD values.