DEMETER observations of ELF waves injected with the HAARP HF transmitter

Modulated HF heating of the auroral electrojet is used to inject ELF signals into the magnetosphere that are observed on the low altitude DEMETER spacecraft. The HF heater is a component of the High‐Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility in Gakona, Alaska, (located at L ∼ 4.9). Simultaneous observations of all six components of the ELF electromagnetic fields on the DEMETER spacecraft are used to estimate the total ELF power radiated downward into the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide. ELF signals generated by the HAARP heater are also simultaneously observed at a nearby ground‐based site, allowing a comparison of the ELF power in the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide versus that detected on DEMETER. The estimated values of power onboard DEMETER at different frequencies range from 0.32W to 4W, while the values of power estimated from a ground receiver at a distance of 36 km from HAARP range from 2.71W to 4.22W.

[1]  Umran S. Inan,et al.  Multi‐hop whistler‐mode ELF/VLF signals and triggered emissions excited by the HAARP HF heater , 2004 .

[2]  Umran S. Inan,et al.  Cluster observations of ELF/VLF signals generated by modulated heating of the lower ionosphere with the HAARP HF transmitter , 2004 .

[3]  T. Bell,et al.  CLUSTER observations of lower hybrid waves excited at high altitudes by electromagnetic whistler mode signals from the HAARP facility , 2004 .

[4]  M. Parrot,et al.  The micro-satellite DEMETER , 2002 .

[5]  H. G. James,et al.  Observations on the DE 1 spacecraft of ELF/VLF waves generated by an ionospheric heater , 1990 .

[6]  M. Rietveld,et al.  On the frequency dependence of ELF/VLF waves produced by modulated ionospheric heating , 1989 .

[7]  T. Bell,et al.  Direct multiple path magnetospheric propagation: A fundamental property of nonducted VLF waves , 1984 .

[8]  H. G. James,et al.  Simultaneous observations of ELF waves from an artificially modulated auroral electrojet in space and on the ground , 1984 .

[9]  Michael T. Rietveld,et al.  ELF and VLF wave generation by modulated HF heating of the current carrying lower ionosphere , 1982 .

[10]  R. Dowden,et al.  Generation of ELF and VLF waves by polar electrojet modulation: Experimental results , 1981 .

[11]  T. Bell,et al.  The plasmapause as a VLF wave guide , 1977 .

[12]  H. Kopka,et al.  Modulation of the polar electrojet by powerful HF waves , 1977 .

[13]  V. S. Smirnov,et al.  Generation of radiation at combination frequencies in the region of the auroral electric jet , 1977 .

[14]  V. L. Strizhevskiǐ,et al.  Stimulated Raman scattering of light by surface polaritons , 1977 .

[15]  R. Raghuram,et al.  VLF line radiation in the Earth's magnetosphere and its association with power system radiation , 1975 .

[16]  R. Helliwell.  A theory of discrete VLF emissions from the magnetosphere , 1967 .

[17]  J. Ristić‐Djurović.  Gyroresonant scattering of radiation belt electrons by oblique whistler waves , 1993 .

[18]  F. Lefeuvre,et al.  Detection from Aureol-3 of the modulation of auroral electrojet by HF heating from ELF signals in the upper ionosphere above Tromsø , 1985 .

[19]  U. Inan,et al.  Active experiments from ground , 1985 .

[20]  T. H. Stix,et al.  The Theory Of Plasma Waves , 1962 .