Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are composed of large number of nodes referred to as sensors. Sensors are low cost, low-power, multi-functional devices that communicate untethered in short distances. Hence, sensors are resource-low devices equipped with lower processing and transmission capabilities, and less battery life. In WSNs, the collaborative operation of the sensors enables the distributed sensing of a physical phenomenon. After sensors detect an event in the deployment field, the event data is distributive processed and transmitted to other sensor which act as the cluster head, which gather, process, and eventually reconstruct the event data. WSNs can be considered a distributed control system designed to react to sensor information with an effective and timely action. For this reason, in WSNs it is important to provide real-time coordination and communication to guarantee timely execution of the right actions and energy efficiency of the networking protocols is also a major concern, since sensors are resource-constrained devices. We propose an energy efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks to cope with these challenges keeping in mind the resource constraints of the network and the early response by the actor nodes for delay sensitive applications with number of transmissions as less as possible. Our protocol is based on clustering (virtual grid) and Voronoi region concept. Keywords— Wireless Sensor Networks, Voronoi Diagram,