Providing Cheap Land for Social Housing: Breaching the State Aid Regulations of the Single European Market?

Tasan-Kok T., Groetelaers D. A., Haffner M. E. A., van der Heijden H. M. H. and Korthals Altes W. K. Providing cheap land for social housing: breaching the state aid regulations of the single European Market?, Regional Studies. European Union member states are not permitted to provide aid that will distort competition by favouring certain undertakings or the production of certain goods which may then undermine trading in the European market. This prohibition also affects government authorities that are willing to provide cheap land for social and affordable housing. This paper reviews the ways in which land is provided for social housing in the Netherlands and explores possibilities for reshaping current practices to make them compatible with the regime of the Single European Market. Tasan-Kok T., Groetelaers D. A., Haffner M. E. A., van der Heijden H. M. H. and Korthals Altes W. K. 为社会公屋提供廉价地：欧洲市场国家辅助性管制？区域研究。欧盟成员国禁止导致不公平竞争的国家性辅助，如偏向于某种特定物品的特定生产方式，这种偏向可能会影响在欧洲市场中的贸易。这种禁令同样影响到那些希望为社会公屋及可供给住房提供廉价地的政府。本文回顾了荷兰土地用于社会公屋建设的方式，探讨了重塑当前实践以使之与单一欧洲市场标准相符合的可能性。 国家辅助 社会公屋 土地价格 Tasan-Kok T., Groetelaers D. A., Haffner M. E. A., van der Heijden H. M. H. et Korthals Altes W. K. Fournir du foncier à prix faible pour la construction de logements sociaux: ne pas respecter la réglementation communautaire sur l'aide de l'Etat, Regional Studies. Aux pays membres de l'Union européenne il est interdit de fournir de l'aide susceptible de fausser la concurrence en favorisant certaines entreprises ou la production de certains biens qui à leur tour pourraient ébranler le commerce sur le marché européen. L'interdiction touche aussi les administrations gouvernementales qui sont tout disposées à fournir du foncier à prix faible pour la construction de logements sociaux à des prix abordables. Cet article cherche à faire la critique des manières dont les Pays Bas fournissent du foncier pour la construction de logements sociaux et examine la possibilité de repenser les pratiques actuelles afin de les rendre compatibles avec le régime communautaire. Aide de l'Etat Logements sociaux Prix du foncier Tasan-Kok T., Groetelaers D. A., Haffner M. E. A., van der Heijden H. M. H. und Korthals Altes W. K. Verbilligte Grundstücke für den sozialen Wohnungsbau: Verstoß gegen das Verbot der staatlichen Subventionen im europäischen Binnenmarkt?, Regional Studies. Um den Handel auf dem europäischen Markt nicht zu behindern, dürfen die Mitgliedsstaaten der Europäischen Union keine wettbewerbsverzerrenden Subventionen durch eine Bevorzugung von bestimmten Unternehmen bzw. von der Herstellung bestimmter Waren gewähren. Dieses Verbot gilt auch für staatliche Behörden, die Grundstücke für erschwingliche Sozialwohnungen zu verbilligten Preisen anbieten möchten. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, auf welche Weise in den Niederlanden Grundstücke für den sozialen Wohnungsbau zur Verfügung gestellt werden, und es werden Möglichkeiten zur Umgestaltung der momentanen Praktiken erörtert, um sie mit den Vorschriften des europäischen Binnenmarkts in Einklang zu bringen. Staatliche Subventionen Sozialer Wohnungsbau Grundstückspreise Tasan-Kok T., Groetelaers D. A., Haffner M. E. A., van der Heijden H. M. H. y Korthals Altes W. K. Ofrecer suelo barato para alojamiento social: incumplimiento de las normativas sobre ayudas estatales en el mercado único europeo?, Regional Studies. No se permite a los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea ofrecer ayuda que pueda distorsionar la competencia favoreciendo a determinadas empresas o la producción de ciertas mercancías que puedan luego debilitar el sistema comercial en el mercado europeo. Esta prohibición también afecta a las autoridades gubernamentales que quieren ofrecer suelo barato para alojamiento social y asequible. En este artículo revisamos los métodos con los que se ofrece el suelo para alojamiento social en los Países Bajos y analizamos las posibilidades de reorganizar las actuales prácticas para que sean compatibles con el régimen del mercado único europeo. Ayuda estatal Alojamiento social Precio del suelo

[1]  Rhona K. M. Smith,et al.  Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union , 2015 .

[2]  Zhang Qiwu,et al.  How about Affordable Housing Policy , 2012, ICEE 2012.

[3]  J. Wegmann.  Inclusionary Housing in International Perspective: Affordable Housing, Social Inclusion, and Land Value Recapture Edited by Nico Calavita and Alan Mallach , 2012 .

[4]  Craig Moore.  Inclusionary Housing in International Perspective: Affordable Housing, Social Inclusion, and Land Value Recapture , 2012 .

[5]  W. K. Altes.  Europeanization as Discontinuous Adjustment: A Düsseldorf Court's Impact on Land Development Practice , 2010 .

[6]  T. Taşan-Kok,et al.  The Impact of European Public Contract Law on Networks of Governance: A Relational Approach , 2010 .

[7]  R. Andrews,et al.  Regional Variations in Public Service Outcomes: The Impact of Policy Divergence in England, Scotland and Wales , 2010 .

[8]  M. Oxley.  Implicit Land Taxation and Affordable Housing Provision in England , 2008 .

[9]  M. Raco.  Key Worker Housing, Welfare Reform and the New Spatial Policy in England , 2008 .

[10]  H. Priemus,et al.  European Competition Policy and National Housing Policies: International Implications of the Dutch Case , 2008 .

[11]  M. Elsinga,et al.  Threats to the Dutch Unitary Rental Market , 2008 .

[12]  H. Priemus.  Real Estate Investors and Housing Associations: A Level Playing Field? The Dutch Case , 2008 .

[13]  D. Kam,et al.  Land for Social Housing: a Framework for Cross-National Comparative Analysis , 2008 .

[14]  K. Scanlon,et al.  Social housing in Europe , 2007 .

[15]  T. V. Dijk,et al.  Expanding cities: A grounded conceptual model that allows comparing systems of greenfield land development , 2007 .

[16]  A. Faludi.  Territorial Cohesion Policy and the European Model of Society1 , 2007 .

[17]  P. Bennett.  Competing for the Island Lifeline: European Law, State Aid and Regional Public Services , 2006 .

[18]  H. Priemus.  European policy and national housing systems , 2006 .

[19]  W. K. Altes.  The Single European Market and Land Development , 2006 .

[20]  Andreas Faludi,et al.  From European spatial development to territorial cohesion policy , 2006 .

[21]  S. Monk,et al.  Job-Housing Mismatch: Affordability Crisis in Surrey, South East England , 2006 .

[22]  H. V. D. Heijden,et al.  Wegwijs in de grondprijs: (on)mogelijkheden om gronduitgifteprijzen voor woningbouw te monitoren , 2006 .

[23]  B. Needham,et al.  Understanding How Land is Exchanged: Co-ordination Mechanisms and Transaction Costs , 2004 .

[24]  M. Deakin.  Methodologies, Models and Instruments for Rural and Urban Land Management , 2004 .

[25]  Frédéric Louis,et al.  Ferring Revisited: the Altmark Case and State Financing of Public Service Obligations , 2004 .

[26]  Edwin Buitelaar,et al.  Naar een residueel bepaalde grondprijs voor sociale woningbouw , 2004 .

[27]  Jim Berry,et al.  Financing Property's Contribution to Regeneration , 2003 .

[28]  Geert Van Calster,et al.  Will the EC get a finger in each pie? EC law and policy developments in soil protection and brownfields redevelopment , 2003 .

[29]  M. Bruhns.  Dienste von allgemeinem wirtschaftlichem Interesse im europäischen Binnenmarktrecht , 2001 .

[30]  D. Kam,et al.  Land for social housing , 2000 .

[31]  R. Leigh,et al.  The Single European Market and SMEs: A Comparison of its Effects in the Food and Clothing Sectors in the UK and Portugal , 1999 .

[32]  G. Kam.  Value for money: Quality and price of land for social housing in the Netherlands , 1998 .

[33]  Hiroshi Mori,et al.  Land Conversion at the Urban Fringe: A Comparative Study of Japan, Britain and the Netherlands , 1998 .

[34]  Mitchell P. Smith.  Autonomy by the Rules: The European Commission and the Development of State Aid Policy , 1998 .

[35]  Neil Fligstein,et al.  How to Make a Market: Reflections on the Attempt to Create a Single Market in the European Union , 1996, American Journal of Sociology.

[36]  M. Oxley.  Private and social rented housing in Europe: Distinctions, comparisons and resource allocation 1 , 1995 .

[37]  B. Needham.  A Theory of Land Prices when Land is Supplied Publicly: The Case of the Netherlands , 1992 .