Model for Pull‐Out Strength of Anchors in Concrete

The static behavior of single anchor fasteners in concrete is investigated up to pull‐out failure by means of a mathematical model. Form‐fit, expansion and adhesive anchors are considered. The nonlinear behavior of the composite system, due to concrete cracking and crushing (tensile and compressive failure), is described by appropriate constitutive laws. A finite element approach is used to calculate the nonlinear response of the system. Only concrete failure is considered, anchor and bond failure are excluded. The relevant system parameters for each kind of fastener are studied. The load‐carrying capacities and cracking zones determined with the aid of the mathematical model are compared with those obtained from experiments. The present analytical results agree well with experimental results.