Exploring by-products generated by the anaerobic degradation process of synthetic wastewater containing indigo dye

AbstractThis work aims to study the by-products generated by the anaerobic degradation process of synthetic wastewater containing indigo dye. These by-products were analysed and identified by both high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). HPLC results showed the dependence of the by-products to the operating conditions. The obtained HPLC chromatogram at the end of the experiments (Run 1) reveals different fractions, with at least eight distinguishable by-products. Increasing the hydraulic retention time from 1 to 5 days (Run 5) which corresponding to the start up of the bioreactor caused a significant change of the obtained HPLC chromatogram, with the decrease of the number of these by-products to only 3 ones. 1H NMR analysis was realised with three representative fractions. The results showed that hypothetical structure of the by-products corresponding to aromatic cycles 1,2-disubstituted and possessing an axial symmetry similar to the phthalate groups.

[1]  Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah,et al.  Current Status of Textile Industry Wastewater Management and Research Progress in Malaysia: A Review , 2013 .

[2]  Cong-jie Gao,et al.  Color removal and COD reduction of biologically treated textile effluent through submerged filtration using hollow fiber nanofiltration membrane , 2013 .

[3]  T. Stevanovic,et al.  Picea mariana bark: a new source of trans-resveratrol and other bioactive polyphenols. , 2012, Food chemistry.

[4]  Gul Kaykioglu,et al.  SGBR Performance on the Basis of Color and COD Removal from Textile Wastewater , 2012 .

[5]  B. Mattiasson,et al.  Sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment of azo dyes: Decolourisation and amine degradability , 2011 .

[6]  S. Gavazza,et al.  Textile effluent treatment in a UASB reactor followed by submerged aerated biofiltration. , 2011, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[7]  Henri Fauduet,et al.  Use of ozone/activated carbon coupling to remove diethyl phthalate from water: Influence of activated carbon textural and chemical properties , 2011 .

[8]  M. Fan,et al.  Aerobic granulation for methylene blue biodegradation in a sequencing batch reactor , 2011 .

[9]  H. Fauduet,et al.  Degradation kinetics of DEP in water by ozone/activated carbon process: Influence of pH , 2011 .

[10]  Dongqing Zhang,et al.  Decolorization and degradation of synthetic dyes by Schizophyllum sp. F17 in a novel system , 2011 .

[11]  C. Gokcay,et al.  Effect of initial azo dye concentration and biomass acclimation on sludge digestion and dye co-treatment. , 2010 .

[12]  Fatma A. El-Gohary,et al.  Decolorization and COD reduction of disperse and reactive dyes wastewater using chemical-coagulation followed by sequential batch reactor (SBR) process , 2009 .

[13]  C. Yaman,et al.  The effect of oxygen on anaerobic color removal of azo dye in a sequencing batch reactor. , 2009 .

[14]  B. Ollivier,et al.  Fermentative and sulphate-reducing bacteria associated with treatment of an industrial dye effluent in an up-flow anaerobic fixed bed bioreactor , 2009 .

[15]  Franciscon Elisangela,et al.  Biodegradation of textile azo dyes by a facultative Staphylococcus arlettae strain VN-11 using a sequential microaerophilic/aerobic process. , 2009 .

[16]  Azni Idris,et al.  Treatment of textile wastewater with an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor , 2009 .

[17]  H. Gannoun,et al.  Ecological clarification of cheese whey prior to anaerobic digestion in upflow anaerobic filter. , 2008, Bioresource technology.

[18]  Tong Zhang,et al.  Anaerobic degradation of dimethyl phthalate in wastewater in a UASB reactor. , 2007, Water research.

[19]  Katrin Vorkamp,et al.  Degradation of phthalate esters in an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant. , 2007, Water research.

[20]  Y. Yoo,et al.  Application of ozone, UV and ozone/UV processes to reduce diethyl phthalate and its estrogenic activity. , 2006, The Science of the total environment.

[21]  K. Fukushi,et al.  Development of a submerged membrane fungi reactor for textile wastewater treatment , 2006 .

[22]  A. Kandelbauer,et al.  A New Alkali-Thermostable Azoreductase from Bacillus sp. Strain SF , 2004, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[23]  J. Godon,et al.  Phylogenetic analysis of an anaerobic microbial consortium deiodinating 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid , 2003, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[24]  Sanjeev Chaudhari,et al.  Decolorization of indigo and azo dyes in semicontinuous reactors with long hydraulic retention time , 2003 .

[25]  R. Monteiro,et al.  Decolorization of textile indigo dye by ligninolytic fungi. , 2001, Journal of biotechnology.

[26]  A. Perdih,et al.  Transformation of Indigo carmine by Phanerochaete chrysosporium ligninolytic enzymes , 2001 .

[27]  F P van der Zee,et al.  Azo dye decolourisation by anaerobic granular sludge. , 2001, Chemosphere.

[28]  D. Stuckey,et al.  Treatment and Decolorization of Dyes in an Anaerobic Baffled Reactor , 2000 .

[29]  G. Lettinga,et al.  The role of (auto)catalysis in the mechanism of an anaerobic azo reduction , 2000 .

[30]  P. He,et al.  Research on low temperature thermo-chemical conversion to oil process for sewage sludge , 2000 .

[31]  S. Chinwetkitvanich,et al.  Anaerobic decolorization of reactive dyebath effluents by a two-stage UASB system with tapioca as a co-substrate , 2000 .

[32]  Sanjay Kumar Gupta,et al.  Biodegradation of tetrachloroethylene in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor , 2000 .

[33]  A. Stolz,et al.  Autoxidation Reactions of Different Aromatic o-Aminohydroxynaphthalenes That Are Formed during the Anaerobic Reduction of Sulfonated Azo Dyes , 1999 .

[34]  F. Çiner,et al.  Treatability of Dye Solutions Containing Disperse Dyes by Fenton and Fenton-Solar Light Oxidation Processes , 2013 .

[35]  J. Rivera-Utrilla,et al.  Removal of diethyl phthalate from water solution by adsorption, photo-oxidation, ozonation and advanced oxidation process (UV/H₂O₂, O₃/H₂O₂ and O₃/activated carbon). , 2013, The Science of the total environment.

[36]  Huifang Wu,et al.  Characteristics of Activated Sludge in an Anoxic Baffled Reactor , 2013 .

[37]  D. Kalyani,et al.  Evaluation of the efficacy of a bacterial consortium for the removal of color, reduction of heavy metals, and toxicity from textile dye effluent. , 2010, Bioresource technology.