THYROTOXIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS AND CHOREA : TWO UNCOMMON NEUROMUSCULAR COMPLICATIONS AS PRESENTING SYMPTOMS IN AN ADOLESCENT WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED GRAVES ’ DISEASE : A CASE REPORT

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) and chorea are uncommon neurological complications of hyperthyroidism. Here, we report and describe a case of 14-year-old boy who presented with both TPP and chorea at his initial presentation with signs and symptoms of Graves’ disease. After diagnosis, a combination of methimazole (MMI) and propranolol were started to control hyperthyroidism. TPP resolved completely within 48 hours after hypokalemia was corrected with potassium supplementation. Chorea gradually resolved over a period of 4 weeks. The pathogenesis of TPP and chorea in hyperthyroidism was reviewed herein. In addition, this report highlights a clinical importance for awareness of these neurological complications in children with hyperthyroidism, since they may be the only presenting symptoms of hyperthyroidism and could be confusing with the diagnosis of genuine neuromuscular disorders.

[1]  C. Taplin,et al.  Thyroid-related neurological disorders and complications in children. , 2015, Pediatric neurology.

[2]  L. Carmant,et al.  Rising Serum Thyroxine Levels and Chorea in Graves’ Disease , 2013, Pediatrics.

[3]  E. Chung,et al.  Generalized chorea with abnormal 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography findings in a patient with hyperthyroidism , 2013, Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.

[4]  Shih-Hua Lin,et al.  Mechanism of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. , 2012, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[5]  Ho-Won Lee,et al.  Asymmetric chorea as presenting symptom in Graves’ disease , 2012, Neurological Sciences.

[6]  S. Levine,et al.  Analytic Review: Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis: A Review , 2010, Journal of intensive care medicine.

[7]  L. Ptáček,et al.  Mutations in Potassium Channel Kir2.6 Cause Susceptibility to Thyrotoxic Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis , 2010, Cell.

[8]  Jiun-Hao Yu,et al.  Acute chorea as a presentation of Graves disease: case report and review. , 2009, The American journal of emergency medicine.

[9]  H. Hosseini,et al.  Reversible chorea in association with Graves' disease and moyamoya syndrome , 2008, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[10]  G. Berkovitz,et al.  A nine year old girl with thyrotoxicosis, ataxia, and chorea , 2007, Brain and Development.

[11]  A. Kung Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis : A Diagnostic Challenge , 2009 .

[12]  E. Eugster,et al.  Hashitoxicosis in children: clinical features and natural history. , 2005, The Journal of pediatrics.

[13]  T. Hashimoto,et al.  Efficacy of propranolol in hyperthyroid‐induced chorea: A case report , 2003 .

[14]  C. Dayan,et al.  Thyroid autoantibodies. , 2001, Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America.

[15]  J. Adcock,et al.  A case of thyrotoxicosis with chorea: association with anti-phospholipid antibody , 1999, Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.

[16]  L. Shenkman,et al.  Hyperthyroid-induced chorea. Case report and review of the literature. , 1988, Israel journal of medical sciences.

[17]  M. Clements,et al.  Thyrotoxicosis Presenting with Choreoathetosis and Severe Myopathy , 1981, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine.