Life Extension Strategies for Shuttle-Deployed Small Satellites Using Pulsed Plasma Thrusters

Abstract : At typical Space Shuttle altitudes atmospheric drag is the dominant force limiting satellite on-orbit life (typically <100 days). The pulsed plasma thruster (PPT) is ideally suited to extend the life of small satellites deployed from the Shuttle due to its low system mass and volume, high specific impulse, and inert solid propellant (Teflon). The objective of this study was to identify and analyze life extension strategies for Space Shuttle-deployed small satellites using the pulsed plasma thruster. A generalized analysis is presented which is applicable to a broad range of satellite, PPT performance and life characteristics. Many PPT thrusting strategies were identified, enough to fit most spacecraft operational scenarios, for significantly extending small satellite on-orbit life. Within the limits of typical small satellite power to mass ratios, the most capable of these strategies, designated Lift & Coast, requires the least amount of propellant and is capable of extending life 1-2 years with state-of-the-art PPT technology. In addition, within the context of PPT operation, preferential launch windows and strategies for reducing satellite drag were also discussed.

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