Field monitoring of soil movement and associated variables was undertaken on high mountain slopes in the Japanese Alps. Painted lines indicated high velocities of surface particles (100–101 cm a−1), mainly resulting from diurnal frost heave activity, and displayed large spatial variations in velocity, reflecting the sediment characteristics. Two mathematical models of frost creep rate are proposed. The first model demonstrates that the surface velocity is proportional to the number of frost heave cycles, the thickness of fine debris layer within the top 15 cm of sediment and the second power of the slope gradient. The second model includes a further variable, the silt and clay content of the fine layer. The field data indicate that both models provide reasonable results, the second model showing slightly higher predictability. These models are applicable to mountain slopes dominated by diurnal frost heaving, although modification is necessary where soil moisture regimes are significantly different from those in the Japanese Alps. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Les mouvements du sol et les variables qui les controlent ont ete enregistres sur des pentes de haute montagne dans les Alpes japonaises. Des lignes peintes ont montre les grandes vitesses de deplacement des particules de surface (100–101 cm a−1) principalement a la suite de l'activite du soulevement du sol par le gel diurne et ont indique que les variations spatiales de vitesse qui sont tres grandes, sont liees aux caracteristiques des sediments. Deux modeles mathematiques de vitesse du soulevement par le gel sont proposes. Le premier modele demontre que la vitesse de surface est proportionnelle au nombre de cycles de soulevement par le gel, a l'epaisseur de la couche de debris fins dans les 15 cm superieurs de sediments et a la seconde puissance de la valeur de la pente. Le deuxieme modele comprend une variable supplementaire, a savoir le contenu en silt et en argile de la couche de debris fim. Les donnees de terrain montrent que les deux modeles donnent des resultats raisonnables, le second ayant un pouvoir de prediction legerement plus eleve. Ces modeles sont applicables aux pentes de montagne ou dominent le soulevement par le gel diurne et doivent etre modifies pour etre appliques ou les regimes d'humidite du sol sont significativement differents de ceux des Alpes japonaises. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[1]
N. Matsuoka.
The relationship between frost heave and downslope soil movement: field measurements in the Japanese Alps
,
1998
.
[2]
N. Matsuoka.
Soil moisture variability in relation to diurnal frost heaving on Japanese high mountain slopes
,
1996
.
[3]
S. Sawaguchi.
Rates and Processes of Mass Movement on Periglacial Rubble Slopes in Spitsbergen
,
1995
.
[4]
M. Kirkby.
A Model for Variations in Gelifluction Rates with Temperature and Topography: Implications for Global Change
,
1995
.
[5]
N. Matsuoka.
Continuous recording of frost heave and creep on a Japanese alpine slope.
,
1994
.
[6]
S. Iwata.
Physiographic conditions for the rubble slope formation on Mt. Shirouma-Dake, the Japan Alps
,
1983
.
[7]
S. Iwata,et al.
SLOW MASS-MOVEMENT PROCESSES IN AN ALPINE REGION OF MT. SHIROUMA DAKE, THE JAPAN ALPS
,
1979
.
[8]
C. W. Kaplar.
FREEZING TEST FOR EVALUATING RELATIVE FROST SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS SOILS
,
1974
.
[9]
J. R. Mackay,et al.
Movement of Sorted Stripes, the Cinder Cone, Garibaldi Park, B. C., Canada
,
1974
.
[10]
A. Corte,et al.
Solifluction: A Model Experiment
,
1971,
Science.
[11]
P. Williams.
Downslope Soil Movement at a Sub-Arctic Location With Regard to Variations with Depth
,
1966
.
[12]
D. H. Everett.
The thermodynamics of frost damage to porous solids
,
1961
.