Radiation force caused by scattering, absorption, and emission of light by nonspherical particles

Abstract General formulas for computing the radiation force exerted on arbitrarily oriented and arbitrarily shaped nonspherical particles due to scattering, absorption, and emission of electromagnetic radiation are derived. For randomly oriented particles with a plane of symmetry, the formula for the average radiation force caused by the particle response to external illumination reduces to the standard Debye formula derived from the Lorenz–Mie theory, whereas the average radiation force caused by emission vanishes.

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