TRIANGULATION OF DATA SOURCES FOR ANALYSING CAR DRIVERS' RESPONSES TO ROAD PRICING IN COPENHAGEN

Current research and evaluation practice is dominated by the separation of car drivers’ responses to road pricing among different disciplines and studies neglecting the complexity and interdependency of the impacts. The paper demonstrates the value of the combining data sources by four examples based on the same group of persons providing new insights into the responses to road pricing. First, subjective reports about the behavioural adaptation were related and compared to GPS-measured behaviour. Second, stated preferences (SP) from a pre-experiment were compared to following revealed preferences. Third, the stated behavioural adaptation strategies were related to participant’s acceptability change. And fourth socio-demographic variables from various surveys were combined to identify target groups with similar socio-demographic characteristics and similar responses to road pricing. Finally, some methodological recommendations are outlined to illustrate how an integrated approach to the investigation of responses to road pricing could be designed and implemented.

[1]  Peter Wagner,et al.  Clearing House for Transport Data & Transport Models - Concept and Implementation , 2003 .

[2]  Stefan Schönfelder,et al.  Road Pricing and its Consequences for Individual Travel Patterns , 2007 .

[3]  D. Stead The Effectiveness of Policies to Address Urban Environmental Problems: Some Perceptions and Realities , 2006 .

[4]  W. Harrington,et al.  OVERCOMING PUBLIC AVERSION TO CONGESTION PRICING , 2001 .

[5]  C. Jensen-butler,et al.  Road pricing, the economy and the environment , 2008 .

[6]  Alexander Massey METHODOLOGICAL TRIANGULATION, OR HOW TO GET LOST WITHOUT BEING FOUND OUT , 1999 .

[7]  Otto Anker Nielsen,et al.  A socio-economic assessment of proposed road user charging schemes in Copenhagen , 2007 .

[8]  J. Schade,et al.  Acceptability of urban transport pricing strategies , 2003 .

[9]  P. Mokhtarian,et al.  How do individuals adapt their personal travel? Objective and subjective influences on the consideration of travel-related strategies for San Francisco Bay Area commuters , 2005 .

[10]  D. Hensher,et al.  Stated Choice Methods: Analysis and Applications , 2000 .

[11]  L. Festinger,et al.  A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance , 2017 .

[12]  Moshe Ben-Akiva,et al.  Discrete Choice Analysis: Theory and Application to Travel Demand , 1985 .

[13]  Thomas F. Golob,et al.  Joint Models of Attitudes and Behavior in Evaluation of the San Diego I-15 Congestion Pricing Project , 1999 .

[14]  Ilan Salomon,et al.  Behavioral response to congestion: identifying patterns and socio-economic differences in adoption , 1997 .

[15]  Otto Anker Nielsen,et al.  The AKTA road pricing experiment in Copenhagen , 2002 .

[16]  T. Richardson Estimating Individual Values of Time in Stated Preference Surveys , 2006 .

[17]  Moshe Ben-Akiva,et al.  Estimation of travel choice models with randomly distributed values of time , 1992 .

[18]  O. A. Nielsen,et al.  Car Users’ Trade-Offs Between Time, Trip Length, Cost and Road Pricing in Behavioural Models , 2008 .

[19]  S. Jaensirisak,et al.  Explaining Variations in Public Acceptability of Road Pricing Schemes , 2005 .

[20]  S. Chaiken,et al.  The psychology of attitudes. , 1993 .

[21]  Kenneth E. Train,et al.  Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation , 2016 .

[22]  Otto Anker Nielsen,et al.  Behavioral Responses to Road Pricing Schemes: Description of the Danish AKTA Experiment , 2004, J. Intell. Transp. Syst..