The importance of electrode location in cochlear implantation

As indications for cochlear implantation have expanded to include patients with more residual hearing, increasing emphasis has been placed on minimally traumatic electrode insertion. Histopathologic evaluation remains the gold standard for evaluation of cochlear trauma, but advances in imaging techniques have allowed clinicians to determine scalar electrode location in vivo. This review will examine the relationship between scalar location of electrode arrays and audiologic outcomes. In addition, the impact that surgical approach, electrode design, and insertion depth have on scalar location will be evaluated.

[1]  S. Connor,et al.  Round window electrode insertion potentiates retention in the scala tympani , 2012, Acta oto-laryngologica.

[2]  S. Schmerber,et al.  Scalar Localization by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography of Cochlear Implant Carriers: A Comparative Study Between Straight and Periomodiolar Precurved Electrode Arrays , 2015, Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.

[3]  Robert F. Labadie,et al.  Anatomic verification of a novel method for precise intrascalar localization of cochlear implant electrodes in adult temporal bones using clinically available computed tomography , 2010, The Laryngoscope.

[4]  J. Noble,et al.  Impact of Intrascalar Electrode Location, Electrode Type, and Angular Insertion Depth on Residual Hearing in Cochlear Implant Patients: Preliminary Results , 2015, Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.

[5]  Michael Tykocinski,et al.  Cochleostomy site: Implications for electrode placement and hearing preservation , 2005, Acta oto-laryngologica.

[6]  Thomas Klenzner,et al.  Quality Control After Insertion of the Nucleus Contour and Contour Advance Electrode in Adults , 2007, Ear and hearing.

[7]  Andreas Radeloff,et al.  Scala Tympani Cochleostomy II: Topography and Histology , 2007, The Laryngoscope.

[8]  A Radeloff,et al.  Evaluating cochlear implant trauma to the scala vestibuli , 2005, Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery.

[9]  M. Carlson,et al.  Evaluation of a new mid‐scala cochlear implant electrode using microcomputed tomography , 2015, The Laryngoscope.

[10]  H. Löppönen,et al.  Insertion characteristics and placement of the Mid-Scala electrode array in human temporal bones using detailed cone beam computed tomography , 2016, European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.

[11]  Benoit M Dawant,et al.  Electrode Location and Angular Insertion Depth Are Predictors of Audiologic Outcomes in Cochlear Implantation , 2016, Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.

[12]  Michael F Dorman,et al.  Cochlear Implantation With Hearing Preservation Yields Significant Benefit for Speech Recognition in Complex Listening Environments , 2013, Ear and hearing.

[13]  J. Roland,et al.  Does cochleostomy location influence electrode trajectory and intracochlear trauma? , 2015, The Laryngoscope.

[14]  A. Huber,et al.  Assessment of Cochlear Trauma During Cochlear Implantation Using Electrocochleography and Cone Beam Computed Tomography , 2016, Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.

[15]  A. Aschendorff,et al.  The New Mid-Scala Electrode Array: A Radiologic and Histologic Study in Human Temporal Bones , 2014, Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.

[16]  Bruce J Gantz,et al.  Integration of acoustic and electrical hearing. , 2008, Journal of rehabilitation research and development.

[17]  Walby Ap.  Scala tympani measurement. , 1985 .

[18]  Karen M Mispagel,et al.  Factors Affecting Open-Set Word Recognition in Adults With Cochlear Implants , 2013, Ear and hearing.

[19]  Benoit M. Dawant,et al.  Automatic Graph-Based Localization of Cochlear Implant Electrodes in CT , 2015, MICCAI.

[20]  A. Ernst,et al.  Round Window Membrane Insertion With Perimodiolar Cochlear Implant Electrodes , 2013, Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.

[21]  Variance of Angular Insertion Depths in Free-Fitting and Perimodiolar Cochlear Implant Electrodes , 2008, Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.

[22]  René H Gifford,et al.  Implications of Minimizing Trauma During Conventional Cochlear Implantation , 2011, Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.

[23]  Ralf Greisiger,et al.  Scalar position in cochlear implant surgery and outcome in residual hearing and the vestibular system , 2014, International journal of audiology.

[24]  G M Clark,et al.  Surgical implications of perimodiolar cochlear implant electrode design: avoiding intracochlear damage and scala vestibuli insertion , 2001, Cochlear implants international.

[25]  C. G. Wright,et al.  Round Window Insertion of Precurved Perimodiolar Electrode Arrays: How Successful Is It? , 2011, Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.

[26]  T. Lenarz,et al.  Impact of Low-Frequency Hearing , 2009, Audiology and Neurotology.

[27]  Artur Lorens,et al.  Cochlear Implantation With the Nucleus Slim Straight Electrode in Subjects With Residual Low-Frequency Hearing , 2014, Ear and hearing.

[28]  G. Widmann,et al.  Radiologic and Functional Evaluation of Electrode Dislocation from the Scala Tympani to the Scala Vestibuli in Patients with Cochlear Implants , 2015, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[29]  Michael F Dorman,et al.  Psychophysical properties of low-frequency hearing: implications for perceiving speech and music via electric and acoustic stimulation. , 2010, Advances in oto-rhino-laryngology.

[30]  Benoit M Dawant,et al.  Impact of electrode design and surgical approach on scalar location and cochlear implant outcomes , 2014, The Laryngoscope.

[31]  A. P. Walby,et al.  Scala Tympani Measurement , 1985, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[32]  Benoit M. Dawant,et al.  Automatic Localization of Cochlear Implant Electrodes in CT , 2014, MICCAI.

[33]  Stephen O'Leary,et al.  Intraoperative Real-time Cochlear Response Telemetry Predicts Hearing Preservation in Cochlear Implantation , 2016, Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.

[34]  Luca Ferrarini,et al.  Anatomic Considerations of Cochlear Morphology and Its Implications for Insertion Trauma in Cochlear Implant Surgery , 2009, Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.

[35]  A. Eshraghi,et al.  Comparative Study of Cochlear Damage With Three Perimodiolar Electrode Designs , 2003, The Laryngoscope.

[36]  C. Buchman,et al.  Scala Tympani Cochleostomy I: Results of a Survey , 2007, The Laryngoscope.

[37]  Margaret W Skinner,et al.  In Vivo Estimates of the Position of Advanced Bionics Electrode Arrays in the Human Cochlea , 2007, The Annals of otology, rhinology & laryngology. Supplement.

[38]  Martin Westhofen,et al.  The Internal Dimensions of the Cochlear Scalae With Special Reference to Cochlear Electrode Insertion Trauma , 2010, Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.

[39]  P. Boyd,et al.  The Use of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography to Determine Cochlear Implant Electrode Position in Human Temporal Bones , 2014, Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.

[40]  Margaret W Skinner,et al.  Role of Electrode Placement as a Contributor to Variability in Cochlear Implant Outcomes , 2008, Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.

[41]  C. Buchman,et al.  Round window electrocochleography before and after cochlear implant electrode insertion , 2016, The Laryngoscope.