Classification of Gait Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Objective:To determine the extent to which gait disorders associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are able to be classified into clinically relevant and distinct subgroups. Design:Cross-sectional cohort study comprising people with TBI receiving physiotherapy for mobility limitations. Participants:One hundred two people with TBI. Outcome Measures:The taxonomic framework for gait disorders following TBI was devised on the basis of a framework previously developed for people with cerebral palsy. Participants with TBI who were receiving therapy for mobility problems were assessed using 3-dimensional gait analysis. Pelvis and bilateral lower limb kinematic data were recorded using a VICON motion analysis system while each participant walked at a self-selected speed. Five trials of data were collected for each participant. Multiclass support vector machine models were developed to systematically and automatically ascertain the clinical classification. Results:The statistical features derived from the major joint angles from unaffected limbs contributed to the best classification accuracy of 82.35% (84 of the 102 subjects). Features from the affected limb resulted in a classification accuracy of 76.47% (78 of 102 subjects). Conclusions:Despite considerable variability in gait disorders following TBI, we were able to generate a clinical classification system on the basis of 6 distinct subgroups of gait deviations. Statistical features related to the motion of the pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle on the less affected leg were able to accurately classify 82% of people with TBI-related gait disorders using a multiclass support vector machine framework.