Herbivory as a factor in patterns of nutrient utilization in the sea1

A comparison of the horizontal nutrient gradients in coastal upwelling systems of the eastern boundary currents, in offshore divergences of high and low latitudes, and in the central gyres of the oceans suggests that changes in the dominant frequencies of variability of the physical habitat may define the importance of grazing stress as a constraint to nutrient utilization in the sea. Liebig’s (1840) “1 aw of the minimum” and Lindeman’s ( 1942 ) “trophic-dynamics” are rather general ecological concepts that are probably only applicable for brief periods during the life history of an organism. For example, simple consideration of single

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