Situation of planthoppers in Asia

The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) and the whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) are the two most important planthoppers in Asia. They cause plants to wilt, known as hopper burn. To know the current problems of planthoppers in Asia, questionnaires relating to the historical trends of distribution, damage to the rice crop, occurrence of insecticide resistance, management of planthoppers, and research activities from 1998 to 2007 were sent out to our Asian partners in China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. T he results of the survey showed that the predominant management option of planthoppers in most countries today continues to rely solely on insecticides. Insecticide resistance to planthoppers was recorded in Thailand, China, and India. All our Asian partners focus more on insecticide evaluation research than on field resistance and ecology. Planthoppers constitute a large group of phytophagous insects in the Order Hemiptera. Distributed worldwide, all members of this group are plant-feeders and some species are considered pests. In Asia, two planthoppers of economic importance are the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), and the whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) of the Family Delphacidae. They damage plants directly by sucking the plant sap and by ovipositing in plant tissues, causing plant wilting or hopper burn. When conditions are unfavorable, especially when the crop is already dead, they migrate into a crop in large numbers. In China, both the brown planthopper and whitebacked planthopper migrate from the warmer, tropical regions of southern China to the Korean peninsula, as well as to Japan and central China, in the early summer of each year (Turner et al 1999). These regions are unable to sustain populations on the peninsula in the winter. The distance these migratory pests must travel is more than 1,000 km and much of it is over the ocean. It has been shown that favorable meteorological conditions of sustained strong southwest winds in the lower atmosphere, which are often associated with the “Bai” front, are necessary for successful migration. Simulation studies on migration suggest that the source region for early-season planthopper migrants to Korea is southeastern China

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