Co‐precipitation of NCM 811 Using Recycled and Purified Manganese: Effect of Impurities on the Battery Cell Performance

Co‐precipitation of NCM811 precursors and cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries was carried out using recycled and purified manganese solution. In this paper, the aim is to study the role of the impurities in the co‐precipitation step of NMC811 and further in the battery cell performance. Based on the results, cationic impurities (Ca, Zn, Mg, and Fe) are co‐precipitated in the NMC811 precursors, as expected based on the thermodynamic considerations. The presence of these impurities was confirmed by several characterizations. Impurities did not affect the particle morphology or tap density of NMC811. Impurities had surprisingly minor effect on the cell performance. During the cycling, these cells provided good cyclability and high‐capacity retention after 1100 cycles compared to reference samples.

[1]  J. Salminen,et al.  Separation of zinc and iron from secondary manganese sulfate leachate by solvent extraction , 2021, Minerals Engineering.

[2]  Wensheng Yang,et al.  Recycling-Oriented Cathode Materials Design for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Elegant Structures Versus Complicated Compositions , 2021 .

[3]  U. Lassi,et al.  Precipitation and Calcination of High-Capacity LiNiO2 Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries , 2020, Applied Sciences.

[4]  Wangda Li,et al.  Long-Term Cyclability of NCM-811 at High Voltages in Lithium-Ion Batteries: an In-Depth Diagnostic Study , 2020 .

[5]  J. Salminen,et al.  Selective Recovery of Manganese from Anode Sludge Residue by Reductive Leaching , 2020, ChemEngineering.

[6]  J. Janek,et al.  The Role of Intragranular Nanopores in Capacity Fade of Nickel-Rich Layered Li(Ni1-x-yCoxMny)O2 Cathode Materials. , 2019, ACS nano.

[7]  Sanghyuk Park,et al.  The effect of Fe as an impurity element for sustainable resynthesis of Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 cathode material from spent lithium-ion batteries , 2019, Electrochimica Acta.

[8]  M. Winter,et al.  Before Li Ion Batteries. , 2018, Chemical reviews.

[9]  A. Manthiram,et al.  Role of Mn content on the electrochemical properties of nickel-rich layered LiNi(0.8-x)Co(0.1)Mn(0.1+x)O₂ (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.08) cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[10]  Guoyong Huang,et al.  Synthesis and performance of Li[(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)(1-x)Mgx]O2 prepared from spent lithium ion batteries. , 2013, Journal of hazardous materials.

[11]  Xiangming He,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of LiNi0.6Mn0.4―xCoxO2 as cathode materials for Li-ion batteries , 2009 .

[12]  Zhanxu Yang,et al.  Pillared layered Li1−2xCaxCoO2 cathode materials obtained by cationic exchange under hydrothermal conditions , 2008 .

[13]  Jaephil Cho,et al.  M3 ( PO4 ) 2-Nanoparticle-Coated LiCoO2 vs LiCo0.96M0.04O2 ( M = Mg and Zn ) on Electrochemical and Storage Characteristics , 2008 .

[14]  Xifei Li,et al.  Enhanced cycling performance of spinel LiMn2O4 coated with ZnMn2O4 shell , 2008 .

[15]  X. M. Li,et al.  Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of pillared layered Li1−2xCaxCoO2 , 2006 .

[16]  M. Whittingham,et al.  Lithium batteries and cathode materials. , 2004, Chemical reviews.

[17]  B. Cho,et al.  Effect of Al2O3 coating on electrochemical performance of LiCoO2 as cathode materials for secondary lithium batteries , 2004 .

[18]  B. Beaudoin,et al.  Structural and textural investigations of the nickel hydroxide electrode , 1996 .

[19]  C. Delmas,et al.  Optimization of the Composition of the Li1 − z Ni1 + z O 2 Electrode Materials: Structural, Magnetic, and Electrochemical Studies , 1996 .