Some Notes on the Kronecker Model

The so-called Kronecker model for a MIMO channel is very popular, not the least because of its mathematical tractability. However, it has also often been criticized for not being able to accurately predict real-world propagation scenarios. This paper attempts to provide more insights into the model, by formulating a necessary condition for the model to be true. Also, the difference between a narrowband Kronecker model and a Kronecker model per tap in a wideband model, is highlighted. It is shown that narrowband measurements are not sufficient to rule out the possibility of a tap-wise Kronecker structure in a wideband model.

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