The formation of cerebrospinal fluid: Nearly a hundred years of interpretations and misinterpretations

[1]  G. Zannoli,et al.  Temporal and spatial assessment of normal cerebrospinal fluid dynamics with MR imaging. , 1993, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[2]  Blasberg Rg,et al.  Transport of material between brain extracellular fluid, brain cells and blood. , 1974 .

[3]  K. Welch,et al.  Perfusion of particles through arachnoid villi of the monkey. , 1961, The American journal of physiology.

[4]  J. Španjol,et al.  Ultraviolet sun radiation and incidence of age-related macular degeneration on Croatian Island Rab. , 2007, Collegium antropologicum.

[5]  M. Bulat,et al.  The investigation of cerebrospinal fluid formation by ventriculo-aqueductal perfusion method in cats. , 2005, Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement.

[6]  E. J. Field,et al.  The connexions of the spinal sub-arachnoid space with the lymphatic system. , 1948, Journal of anatomy.

[7]  C. Crone,et al.  THE PERMEABILITY OF CAPILLARIES IN VARIOUS ORGANS AS DETERMINED BY USE OF THE 'INDICATOR DIFFUSION' METHOD. , 1963, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[8]  C. Avezaat,et al.  Intracranial Pressure VIII , 1993, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

[9]  M. Pollay,et al.  Extracorporeal perfusion of choroid plexus. , 1972, Journal of applied physiology.

[10]  A. Gallina,et al.  Rates of formation and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid in the very young calf. , 1972, Journal of dairy science.

[11]  R. Sidman,et al.  New mutant mouse with communicating hydrocephalus and secondary aqueductal stenosis , 2004, Acta Neuropathologica.

[12]  Jeong Hyun Lee,et al.  Index terms: Cerebrospinal fluid, MR studies , 2003 .

[13]  D. Rall,et al.  Cerebrospinal Fluid Production by the Choroid Plexus and Brain , 1971, Science.

[14]  L. B. Flexner THE WATER OF THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID: Variations of its Rate of Flow with Variation of Ventricular Pressure , 1933 .

[15]  Shizuo Oi,et al.  Historical trends of neuroendoscopic surgical techniques in the treatment of hydrocephalus , 2008, Neurosurgical Review.

[16]  K. Knigge,et al.  Role of the Ventricular System in Neuroendocrine Processes: Synthesis and Distribution of Thyrotropin Releasing Factor (TRF) in the Hypothalamus and Third Ventricle , 1974, Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques.

[17]  M. Raichle Neurogenic control of blood-brain barrier permeability. , 1983, Acta neuropathologica. Supplementum.

[18]  B. Kakulas,et al.  Pathogenesis of reovirus type 1 hydrocephalus in mice. Significance of aqueductal changes. , 1977, Archives of neurology.

[19]  Lars Jacobsson,et al.  Spinal CSF absorption in healthy individuals. , 2004, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology.

[20]  M. Brightman The intracerebral movement of proteins injected into blood and cerebrospinal fluid of mice. , 1968, Progress in brain research.

[21]  A. Ommaya,et al.  The production of cerebrospinal fluid in man and its modification by acetazolamide. , 1966, Journal of neurosurgery.

[22]  Charles Raybaud,et al.  Radiological assessment of hydrocephalus: new theories and implications for therapy , 2004, Neurosurgical Review.

[23]  E. Wright,et al.  Mechanisms of ion transport across the choroid plexus , 1972, The Journal of physiology.

[24]  Bétourné [Physiology of the cerebrospinal fluid]. , 1950, La semaine des hopitaux : organe fonde par l'Association d'enseignement medical des hopitaux de Paris.

[25]  M. Mase,et al.  Quantitative analysis of CSF flow dynamics using MRI in normal pressure hydrocephalus. , 1998, Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement.

[26]  T. Milhorat,et al.  Normal rate of cerebrospinal fluid formation five years after bilateral choroid plexectomy. Case report. , 1976, Journal of neurosurgery.

[27]  R. Higgins,et al.  Characteristics of cisternal cerebrospinal fluid associated with primary brain tumors in the dog: a retrospective study. , 1986, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[28]  B. Williams Is aqueduct stenosis a result of hydrocephalus? , 1973, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[29]  K. Welch,et al.  SECRETION OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID BY CHOROID PLEXUS OF THE RABBIT. , 1963, The American journal of physiology.

[30]  T. Milhorat,et al.  Choroid plexus papilloma. I. Proof of cerebrospinal fluid overproduction. , 1976, Child's brain.

[31]  B. Fairburn Choroid plexus papilloma and its relation to hydrocephalus. , 1960, Journal of neurosurgery.

[32]  M. Hara,et al.  Formation of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Spinal Subarachnoid Space , 1971, Nature.

[33]  J. McDonald Cerebrospinal Fluid and the Brain Edemas , 1989 .

[34]  K.,et al.  Blood flow imaging with MR: spin-phase phenomena. , 1985, Radiology.

[35]  R. Tripathi Tracing the bulk outflow route of cerebrospinal fluid by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. , 1974, Brain research.

[36]  E. Bering,et al.  Circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid. Demonstration of the choroid plexuses as the generator of the force for flow of fluid and ventricular enlargement. , 1962, Journal of neurosurgery.

[37]  N. Tamaki,et al.  Biomechanics of hydrocephalus: a new theoretical model. , 1987, Neurosurgery.

[38]  K. Sato,et al.  The differential expression patterns of messenger RNAs encoding K-Cl cotransporters (KCC1,2) and Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC1) in the rat nervous system , 2001, Neuroscience.

[39]  M. Klarica,et al.  The character of the cerebrospinal fluid production , 2000 .

[40]  B. Gruskin Studies in Cerebrospinal Fluid. I , 1931 .

[41]  M. Hoeper,et al.  Evaluation of right ventricular performance with a right ventricular ejection fraction thermodilution catheter and MRI in patients with pulmonary hypertension. , 2001, Chest.

[42]  M. Bulat,et al.  Elimination of phenolsulfonphthalein from the cerebrospinal fluid via capillaries in central nervous system in cats by active transport , 2002, Neuroscience Letters.

[43]  Estanislao Arana,et al.  Semiautomatic Analysis of Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow through the Aqueduct of Sylvius , 2006, Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine.

[44]  R. Friendship,et al.  Development of cerebrospinal fluid absorption sites in the pig and rat: connections between the subarachnoid space and lymphatic vessels in the olfactory turbinates , 2006, Anatomy and Embryology.

[45]  M. Heller,et al.  Flussquantifizierung mit der Magnetresonanz-Tomographie: Eine experimentelle Studie an einem Flussmodell und Liquor-Flussmessungen im Aquaeductus cerebri bei Probanden , 2000 .

[46]  Clifford R Jack,et al.  Measurement of Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow at the Cerebral Aqueduct by Use of Phase-contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Technique Validation and Utility in Diagnosing Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus , 2002, Neurosurgery.

[47]  D. Jayatilaka ARACHNOID GRANULATIONS IN SHEEP. , 1965, Journal of anatomy.

[48]  A. Perin,et al.  ENDOSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT , 2007, Neurosurgery.

[49]  K. Welch The principles of physiology of the cerebrospinal fluid in relation to hydrocephalus including normal pressure hydrocephalus. , 1975, Advances in neurology.

[50]  A. Brodbelt,et al.  CSF pathways: a review , 2007, British journal of neurosurgery.

[51]  G. du Boulay,et al.  Further Investigations on Pulsatile Movements in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Pathways , 1972, Acta radiologica: diagnosis.

[52]  J. Pappenheimer,et al.  Perfusion of the cerebral ventricular system in unanesthetized goats , 1962 .

[53]  M. Fishman,et al.  The choroid plexus--two-way traffic? , 1970, The New England journal of medicine.

[54]  J. Pappenheimer,et al.  Bulk flow and diffusion in the cerebrospinal fluid system of the goat. , 1962, The American journal of physiology.

[55]  P. Tomkins,et al.  Choroid plexus Na+/K+-activated adenosine triphosphatase and cerebrospinal fluid formation. , 1985, Neurosurgery.

[56]  A. Jayatilaka An electron microscopic study of sheep arachnoid granulations. , 1965, Journal of anatomy.

[57]  G. di Chiro,et al.  Experimental Pantopaque ventriculography. , 1971, Journal of neurosurgery.

[58]  Marijan Klarica,et al.  Transventricular and transpial absorption of cerebrospinal fluid into cerebral microvessels. , 2008, Collegium antropologicum.

[59]  Carsten Wikkelsö,et al.  There Is No Transmantle Pressure Gradient in Communicating or Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus , 2002, Neurosurgery.

[60]  K Shapiro,et al.  Progressive ventricular enlargement in cats in the absence of transmantle pressure gradients. , 1987, Journal of neurosurgery.

[61]  T. Milhorat,et al.  Recent Studies on the Formation of Cerebrospinal Fluid , 1973, Developmental medicine and child neurology. Supplement.

[62]  M. Netsky,et al.  Studies on the choroid plexus. , 1970, Neurosciences research.

[63]  M. Radoš,et al.  Fluid perfusion as a method of cerebrospinal fluid formation rate--critical appraisal. , 2008, Collegium antropologicum.

[64]  J. Loeser,et al.  Hydrocephalus secondary to diffuse villous hyperplasia of the choroid plexus. Case report and review of the literature. , 1996, Journal of neurosurgery.

[65]  M. Kameyama,et al.  Hydrocephalus due to cerebrospinal fluid overproduction by bilateral choroid plexus papillomas , 2004, Child's Nervous System.

[66]  M. Pollay,et al.  Secretion of cerebrospinal fluid by the ventricular ependyma of the rabbit. , 1967, The American journal of physiology.

[67]  J. Singh,et al.  Spinal deposits of a benign choroid plexus papilloma , 2008, Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.

[68]  W G Bradley,et al.  Flow dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid: assessment with phase-contrast velocity MR imaging performed with retrospective cardiac gating. , 1992, Radiology.

[69]  F. Meyer,et al.  Cerebrospinal fluid physiology and the management of increased intracranial pressure. , 1990, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[70]  K. Kaila,et al.  Patterns of cation‐chloride cotransporter expression during embryonic rodent CNS development , 2002, The European journal of neuroscience.

[71]  M. Johnston,et al.  Subarachnoid injection of Microfil reveals connections between cerebrospinal fluid and nasal lymphatics in the non‐human primate , 2005, Neuropathology and applied neurobiology.

[72]  A. Lajtha,et al.  Brain barrier systems , 1968 .

[73]  G. Manley,et al.  Reduced cerebrospinal fluid production and intracranial pressure in mice lacking choroid plexus water channel Aquaporin‐1 , 2005, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[74]  K. Welch,et al.  The cerebrospinal fluid valves. , 1960, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[75]  C Thomsen,et al.  Fourier analysis of cerebrospinal fluid flow velocities: MR imaging study. The Scandinavian Flow Group. , 1990, Radiology.

[76]  F. Velardi,et al.  Communicating hydrocephalus induced by mechanically increased amplitude of the intraventricular cerebrospinal fluid pressure: Experimental studies , 1978, Experimental Neurology.

[77]  D. Greitz Paradigm shift in hydrocephalus research in legacy of Dandy’s pioneering work: rationale for third ventriculostomy in communicating hydrocephalus , 2007, Child's Nervous System.

[78]  P. Black,et al.  Experimental normal-pressure hydrocephalus is accompanied by increased transmantle pressure. , 1984, Journal of neurosurgery.

[79]  M. Bulat,et al.  Homeostatic role of the active transport in elimination of [3H]benzylpenicillin out of the cerebrospinal fluid system. , 2000, Life sciences.

[80]  L. B. Flexner,et al.  THE RATE OF FORMATION OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN ETHERIZED CATS , 1932 .

[81]  G. Flyger,et al.  Normal variations in the caliber of the human cerebral aqueduct , 1957, The Anatomical record.

[82]  S. D. de Lange,et al.  Shunt-independent arrest of hydrocephalus. , 1973, Journal of neurosurgery.

[83]  W. Dandy,et al.  INTERNAL HYDROCEPHALUS: An Experimental, Clinical and Pathological Study , 1964 .

[84]  E. Bering,et al.  Choroid plexus and arterial pulsation of cerebrospinal fluid; demonstration of the choroid plexuses as a cerebrospinal fluid pump. , 1955, A.M.A. archives of neurology and psychiatry.

[85]  L. Wolfson,et al.  Clearance of amine metabolites from the cerebrospinal fluid , 1974, Neurology.

[86]  M Kouwenhoven,et al.  Phase-Contrast Cine Mr Imaging of Normal Aqueductal CSF Flow , 1994, Acta radiologica.

[87]  E. Stopa,et al.  AVP V1 receptor-mediated decrease in Cl- efflux and increase in dark cell number in choroid plexus epithelium. , 1999, The American journal of physiology.

[88]  D. Potts,et al.  Arachnoid granulations of the sheep. Structural and ultrastructural changes with varying pressure differences. , 1974, Archives of neurology.

[89]  J. Alksne,et al.  The role of the arachnoid villus in the removal of red blood cells from the subarachnoid space. An electron microscope study in the dog. , 1972, Journal of neurosurgery.

[90]  David N. Levine,et al.  Intracranial pressure and ventricular expansion in hydrocephalus: Have we been asking the wrong question? , 2008, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[91]  M. Bergsneider,et al.  Evolving concepts of cerebrospinal fluid physiology. , 2001, Neurosurgery clinics of North America.

[92]  M. Pollay Review of spinal fluid physiology: production and absorption in relation to pressure. , 1977, Clinical neurosurgery.

[93]  D. Greitz,et al.  On the Pulsatile Nature of Intracranial and Spinal CSF-Circulation Demonstrated by MR Imaging , 1993, Acta radiologica.

[94]  A. Artru Dose‐related Changes in the Rate of Cerebrospinal Fluid Formation and Resistance to Reabsorption of Cerebrospinal Fluid Following Administration of Thiopental, Midazolam, and Etomidate in Dogs , 1988, Anesthesiology.

[95]  M. Nagib,et al.  Lateral ventricle choroid plexus papilloma in childhood: management and complications. , 2000, Surgical neurology.

[96]  J. Warkany,et al.  Experimental congenital hydrocephalus. A review with special consideration of hydrocephalus produced by zinc deficiency. , 1976, Child's brain.

[97]  M. Johnston,et al.  Evidence of connections between cerebrospinal fluid and nasal lymphatic vessels in humans, non-human primates and other mammalian species , 2004, Cerebrospinal Fluid Research.

[98]  G. Bateman The reversibility of reduced cortical vein compliance in normal-pressure hydrocephalus following shunt insertion , 2003, Neuroradiology.

[99]  P. Conn Neuroscience in Medicine , 2003, Humana Press.

[100]  H F Cserr,et al.  Role of Secretion and Bulk Flow of Brain Interstitial Fluid in Brain Volume Regulation , 1988, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[101]  D. Potts Measurement of the net rate of cerebrospinal fluid formation in a portion of the human lateral ventricle. , 1967, Radiology.

[102]  M. Bradbury Lymphatics and the central nervous system , 1981, Trends in Neurosciences.

[103]  W G Bradley,et al.  The appearance of rapidly flowing blood on magnetic resonance images. , 1984, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[104]  J. Fenstermacher,et al.  Cerebrospinal fluid production rates determined by simultaneous albumin and inulin perfusion. , 1970, Experimental neurology.

[105]  M. Mascalchi,et al.  Cardiac-gated phase MR imaging of aqueductal CSF flow. , 1988, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[106]  STUDIES ON THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID , 1920 .

[107]  K. Zülch Neuropathological Observations on the Cerebrospinal Fluid Pathway , 2008 .

[108]  J. Poch,et al.  Hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele; series and results , 2005, Cerebrospinal Fluid Research.

[109]  Thomas Brinker,et al.  Multiplicity of cerebrospinal fluid functions: New challenges in health and disease , 2008, Cerebrospinal Fluid Research.

[110]  S. Nielsen,et al.  A SCL4A10 gene product maps selectively to the basolateral plasma membrane of choroid plexus epithelial cells. , 2004, American journal of physiology. Cell physiology.

[111]  N. Di Lorenzo,et al.  Changes in Aqueductal CSF Stroke Volume and Progression of Symptoms in Patients With Unshunted Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus , 2008, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[112]  M. Choux,et al.  Choroid plexus tumours in children. Review of 24 cases , 2005, Acta Neurochirurgica.

[113]  R. Bergland,et al.  Roentgenologic studies of cerebrospinal fluid formation in the dog. , 1969, The American journal of roentgenology, radium therapy, and nuclear medicine.

[114]  S. Wolpert,et al.  Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid flow waveforms with gated phase-contrast MR velocity measurements. , 1995, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[115]  M. Pollay,et al.  Alteration in Choroid-Plexus Blood Flow and Cerebrospinal­ Fluid Formation by Increased Ventricular Pressure , 1983 .

[116]  G. Bateman Vascular compliance in normal pressure hydrocephalus. , 2000, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[117]  M R Gaab,et al.  Analysis of aqueductal cerebrospinal fluid flow after endoscopic aqueductoplasty by using cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. , 2000, Journal of neurosurgery.

[118]  J. Millen,et al.  Vitamins and the Cerebrospinal Fluid , 2008 .

[119]  C. H. Frazier,et al.  THE ACTION OF GLANDULAR EXTRACTS ON THE SECRETION OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID , 1915 .

[120]  G. Hochwald,et al.  Effect of spinal fluid pressure on cerebrospinal fluid formation. , 1971, Experimental neurology.

[121]  M. Deck,et al.  Measurement of the rate of cerebrospinal fluid formation in the lateral ventricles of the dog. , 1971, Radiology.

[122]  M. Bulat,et al.  Hydrostatic Force in Regulation of CSF Volume , 1993 .

[123]  Zoltán Molnár,et al.  A hydroelastic model of hydrocephalus , 2005, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[124]  G. Rabey Proceedings: Analytic anatomy of the human head and neck. , 1974, Journal of anatomy.

[125]  C. Probst,et al.  Persistent hydrocephalus following removal of choroid plexus papilloma of the lateral ventricle. , 1984, Neurochirurgia.

[126]  G. B. Hassin NOTES ON THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID , 1924 .

[127]  M. Segal Extracellular and cerebrospinal fluids , 1993, Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease.

[128]  M. Klarica,et al.  The formation and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid inside the cat brain ventricles: a fact or an illusion? , 2002, Neuroscience Letters.

[129]  H. Nagai,et al.  MR imaging of CSF pulsatory flow and its relation to intracranial pressure. , 1988, Journal of neurosurgery.

[130]  E. Bering,et al.  HYDROCEPHALUS: CHANGES IN FORMATION AND ABSORPTION OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID WITHIN THE CEREBRAL VENTRICLES. , 1963, Journal of neurosurgery.

[131]  D. Maxwell,et al.  The Morphology of the Arachnoid Villi: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study in the Monkey , 1968 .

[132]  C. Meier,et al.  Cardiovascular flow measurement with phase-contrast MR imaging: basic facts and implementation. , 2002, Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

[133]  J. Masserman CEREBROSPINAL HYDRODYNAMICS: IV. CLINICAL EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES , 1934 .

[134]  G. Brown Frontiers in neurology and neuroscience research , 1973 .

[135]  J. Duncan,et al.  The choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid system: from development to aging. , 2005, Current topics in developmental biology.

[136]  M. Pollay,et al.  The secretion of cerebrospinal fluid. , 1977, Experimental eye research.

[137]  H. Cserr Physiology of the choroid plexus. , 1971, Physiological reviews.

[138]  F. Plum,et al.  Recent Advances in CSF Physiology , 1975, Anesthesiology.

[139]  G. du Boulay,et al.  Pulsatile movements in the CSF pathways. , 1966, The British journal of radiology.

[140]  J. Emanuel,et al.  Cell-specific expression of mRNAs encoding Na+,K(+)-ATPase alpha- and beta-subunit isoforms within the rat central nervous system. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[141]  J. D. Rougemont,et al.  FLUID FORMED BY CHOROID PLEXUS: A TECHNIQUE FOR ITS COLLECTION AND A COMPARISON OF ITS ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION WITH SERUM AND CISTERNAL FLUIDS , 1960 .

[142]  T. Milhorat Choroid Plexus and Cerebrospinal Fluid Production , 1969, Science.

[143]  E. Bering Water exchange of central nervous system and cerebrospinal fluid. , 1952, Journal of neurosurgery.

[144]  C. Patlak,et al.  Transport of material between brain extracellular fluid, brain cells and blood. , 1974, Federation proceedings.

[145]  T. Milhorat The third circulation revisited. , 1975, Journal of neurosurgery.

[146]  C. Muhle,et al.  [Quantification of fluid flow in magnetic resonance tomography: an experimental study of a flow model and liquid flow measurements in the cerebral aqueduct in volunteers]. , 2000, RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin.

[147]  M. Weiss,et al.  Modulation of CSF production by alterations in cerebral perfusion pressure. , 1978, Archives of neurology.

[148]  E. Foltz,et al.  Conversion of communicating hydrocephalus to stenosis or occlusion of the aqueduct during ventricular shunt. , 1966, Journal of neurosurgery.

[149]  B. Zlokovic,et al.  Differential expression of Na,K-ATPase alpha and beta subunit isoforms at the blood-brain barrier and the choroid plexus. , 1993, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[150]  W. Dandy,et al.  AN EXPERIMENTAL, CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL STUDY: Part 1.—Experimental Studies , 1914 .

[151]  D. Kido,et al.  Human spinal arachnoid villi and granulations , 1976, Neuroradiology.

[152]  S. Seiwerth,et al.  Experimental hydrocephalus and hydromyelia: A new insight in mechanism of their development , 2005, Acta Neurochirurgica.

[153]  W. Bradley,et al.  Flowing cerebrospinal fluid in normal and hydrocephalic states: appearance on MR images. , 1986, Radiology.

[154]  S. Nakasu,et al.  Primary carcinoma of the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle. , 1991, Surgical neurology.

[155]  O. R. Blaumanis,et al.  Rapid solute transport throughout the brain via paravascular fluid pathways. , 1990, Advances in neurology.

[156]  W. Plasencia,et al.  Intracranial fetal hemorrhage due to choroid plexus papilloma , 2009, International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics.

[157]  C. Gondry-Jouet,et al.  Value of phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging for investigation of cerebral hydrodynamics. , 2006, Journal of neuroradiology. Journal de neuroradiologie.

[158]  P. Whitton,et al.  Effect of intracranial pressure on cerebrospinal fluid formation in isolated brain ventricles , 1991, Neuroscience.

[159]  C Kalifa,et al.  Papillomas and carcinomas of the choroid plexus in children. , 1998, Journal of neurosurgery.

[160]  R. Tripathi,et al.  Vacuolar transcellular channels as a drainage pathway for cerebrospinal fluid , 1974, The Journal of physiology.

[161]  L. Martí-Bonmatí,et al.  [Assessment of reliable quantification of the dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid by magnetic resonance imaging in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus]. , 2007, Neurologia.

[162]  T. Speake,et al.  Expression of aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 4 water channels in rat choroid plexus. , 2003, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[163]  L. Reimer,et al.  Scanning Electron Microscopy , 1984 .

[164]  G. Chiro Movement of the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Human Beings , 1964, Nature.

[165]  L. H. Weed FORCES CONCERNED IN THE ABSORPTION OF THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID , 1935 .

[166]  E. Bering,et al.  Extra-ventricular formation of cerebrospinal fluid. , 1967, No to shinkei = Brain and nerve.

[167]  A. Lorenzo,et al.  Relationship between cerebrospinal fluid formation, absorption and pressure in human hydrocephalus. , 1970, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[168]  S. Dombrowski,et al.  Hydrocephalus and the heart: interactions of the first and third circulations. , 2007, Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine.

[169]  Hugh Davson,et al.  Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Cerebrospinal Fluid , 1987 .

[170]  D. Ettles,et al.  The role of endoscopic choroid plexus coagulation in the management of hydrocephalus. , 1995, Neurosurgery.

[171]  C. Thomsen,et al.  Cerebrospinal fluid flow and production in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus studied by MRI , 1994, Neuroradiology.

[172]  J. McComb Recent research into the nature of cerebrospinal fluid formation and absorption. , 1983, Journal of neurosurgery.

[173]  P. Echlin,et al.  Scanning Electron Microscopy , 2014 .

[174]  N J Pelc,et al.  Normal flow patterns of intracranial and spinal cerebrospinal fluid defined with phase-contrast cine MR imaging. , 1991, Radiology.

[175]  A. Saito,et al.  Experimental studies on cerebrospinal fluid flow , 1965, Neurology.

[176]  H. Eisenberg,et al.  Cerebrospinal fluid overproduction and hydrocephalus associated with choroid plexus papilloma. , 1974, Journal of neurosurgery.

[177]  M. Hara,et al.  Extraventricular origin of the cerebrospinal fluid: formation rate quantitatively measured in the spinal subarachnoid space of dogs. , 1972, Journal of neurosurgery.

[178]  W. Dandy WHERE IS CEREBROSPINAL FLUID ABSORBED , 1929 .

[179]  N. Joan Abbott,et al.  Evidence for bulk flow of brain interstitial fluid: significance for physiology and pathology , 2004, Neurochemistry International.

[180]  M. Bulat Dynamics and Statics of the Cerebrospinal Fluid: The Classical and a New Hypothesis , 1993 .

[181]  C Thomsen,et al.  A method for MR quantification of flow velocities in blood and CSF using interleaved gradient-echo pulse sequences. , 1989, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[182]  Walter S. Thomas,et al.  EXPERIMENTAL HYDROCEPHALUS , 1914, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[183]  M. Johnston,et al.  Integration of the subarachnoid space and lymphatics: Is it time to embrace a new concept of cerebrospinal fluid absorption? , 2005, Cerebrospinal Fluid Research.

[184]  M. Bulat,et al.  Dynamics of distribution of 3H-inulin between the cerebrospinal fluid compartments , 2009, Brain Research.

[185]  D. Rall,et al.  VENTRICULAR FLUID PRODUCTION RATES AND TURNOVER IN ELASMOBRANCHII. , 1964, Comparative biochemistry and physiology.

[186]  J. Wood Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 1 , 2012, Springer US.

[187]  T. Milhorat,et al.  Structure and function of the choroid plexus and other sites of cerebrospinal fluid formation. , 1976, International review of cytology.

[188]  T. Asakura,et al.  Hydrocephalus due to villous hypertrophy of the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricles. Case report. , 1994, Journal of neurosurgery.

[189]  Ryoong Huh,et al.  Quantitative assessment of cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics using a phase-contrast cine MR image in hydrocephalus , 1999, Child's Nervous System.

[190]  S. Davies,et al.  Molecular mechanisms of cerebrospinal fluid production , 2004, Neuroscience.

[191]  M. Kaczmarek,et al.  The hydromechanics of hydrocephalus: steady-state solutions for cylindrical geometry. , 1997, Bulletin of mathematical biology.

[192]  J. C. Hawkins Treatment of choroid plexus papillomas in children: a brief analysis of twenty years' experience. , 1980, Neurosurgery.

[193]  M. Deck,et al.  Movements of ventricular fluid levels due to cerebrospinal fluid formation. , 1969, The American journal of roentgenology, radium therapy, and nuclear medicine.

[194]  J. Galicich,et al.  Formation and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid in man. , 1968, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[195]  U. Meldolesi,et al.  Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid , 1964, Journal de radiologie, d'electrologie, et de medecine nucleaire.

[196]  E. Stopa,et al.  AVP V1 receptor-mediated decrease in Cl- efflux and increase in dark cell number in choroid plexus epithelium. , 1999, American journal of physiology. Cell physiology.

[197]  H. Griffith,et al.  The treatment of childhood hydrocephalus by choroid plexus coagulation and artificial cerebrospinal fluid perfusion. , 1990, British journal of neurosurgery.

[198]  D. M. Greenberg,et al.  A STUDY WITH RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES OF THE PERMEABILITY OF THE BLOOD-CEREBROSPINAL FLUID BARRIER TO IONS , 1943 .

[199]  M. Klarica,et al.  Evaluation of ventriculo-cisternal perfusion model as a method to study cerebrospinal fluid formation. , 2003, Croatian medical journal.

[200]  L. Massimi,et al.  The role of endoscopic choroid plexus coagulation in the surgical management of bilateral choroid plexuses hyperplasia , 2006, Child's Nervous System.

[201]  Andreas A Linninger,et al.  Pressure gradients in the brain in an experimental model of hydrocephalus. , 2005, Journal of neurosurgery.

[202]  D. Long,et al.  Effects of pressure on cerebrospinal fluid formation: nonsteady-state measurements in dogs. , 1980, The American journal of physiology.

[203]  J. O'connell Cerebrospinal Fluid Mechanics , 1970, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine.

[204]  A. Martins,et al.  Sources of error in measuring cerebrospinal fluid formation by ventriculocisternal perfusion. , 1977, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[205]  J. A. Kappers Structural and Functional Changes in the Telencephalic Choroid Plexus During Human Ontogenesis , 2008 .

[206]  M. Pollay Formation of cerebrospinal fluid. Relation of studies of isolated choroid plexus to the standing gradient hypothesis. , 1975, Journal of neurosurgery.

[207]  M. Klarica,et al.  Does the secretion and circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid really exist? , 2001, Medical hypotheses.

[208]  C. Johanson,et al.  The mammalian choroid plexus. , 1989, Scientific American.

[209]  M. Bulat,et al.  New experimental model of acute aqueductal blockage in cats: Effects on cerebrospinal fluid pressure and the size of brain ventricles , 2009, Neuroscience.

[210]  M. Bulat,et al.  Effect of active transport on distribution and concentration gradients of [3H]benzylpenicillin in the cerebrospinal fluid , 1994, Neuroscience Letters.

[211]  M. Pollay Formation of cerebrospinal fluid , 1975 .

[212]  W. J. Oakes,et al.  Choroid Plexectomy Reduces Neurosurgical Intervention in Patients with Hydranencephaly , 2002, Pediatric Neurosurgery.