Anti‐Vβ8 antibodies induce and maintain staphylococcal enterotoxin B‐triggered Vβ8+ T cell anergy

The mechanism involved in the maintenance of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)‐induced T cell anergy is poorly understood. We demonstrated earlier that B cells play an important role in the maintenance of SEB‐induced T cell anergy in vivo and in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that B cells are not essential in SEB‐induced T cell activation, but are important for the maintenance of T cell memory phenotype and anergy in vivo. Studying the activated B cell repertoire, we observe that SEB treatment increases serum anti‐Vβ8 antibody titer as detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using soluble Vβ8 chains as antigens, and by staining of a Vβ8‐expressing thymoma. These antibodies disappear gradually after immunization with SEB, whereas the capacity of the T cells to respond to SEB in vitro is restored. Anti‐Vβ8 monoclonal antibody treatment causes Vβ8+ T cell unresponsiveness to SEB in vitro (anergy), without affecting CD4Vβ8+ T cell frequency. Together, these results suggest a new mechanism to explain the maintenance of SEB‐induced T cell anergy, which is dependent on B cells and on anti‐Vβ8 antibody that specifically interacts with Vβ8+ T cells.

[1]  Charles A. Janeway,et al.  Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Induction in Genetically B Cell–deficient Mice , 1996, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[2]  C. Martínez-A,et al.  In Vivo Activation of T‐Cell Induction into the Primed Phenotype and Programmed Cell Death by Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B , 1996, Scandinavian journal of immunology.

[3]  P. Marrack,et al.  B cells are not essential for peripheral T-cell tolerance. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[4]  K. Heeg,et al.  Bacterial superantigens induce T cell unresponsiveness in B cell‐deficient mice , 1995, European journal of immunology.

[5]  L. Aroeira,et al.  T Cell‐Dependent Antibody Response to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B , 1995, Scandinavian journal of immunology.

[6]  J. Whitaker,et al.  Monoclonal antibodies to a TCR idiotope modulate the superantigen-induced responses of encephalitogenic rat T cells. , 1994, International immunology.

[7]  C. Martínez-A,et al.  Absence of peripheral clonal deletion and anergy in immune responses of T cell‐reconstituted athymic mice , 1994, European journal of immunology.

[8]  D. McFarlin,et al.  Superantigen modulation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: activation of anergy determines outcome. , 1994, Journal of immunology.

[9]  G. Kroemer,et al.  Differential in vivo effects of a superantigen and an antibody targeted to the same T cell receptor. Activation-induced cell death vs passive macrophage-dependent deletion. , 1994, Journal of immunology.

[10]  H. Macdonald,et al.  Differential effects of superantigen‐induced “anergy” on priming and effector stages of a T cell‐dependent antibody response , 1994, European journal of immunology.

[11]  Y. Matsumoto,et al.  Immunomodulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by staphylococcal enterotoxin D. , 1993, Cellular immunology.

[12]  R. Knobler,et al.  Effects of staphylococcal enterotoxin B on T cell receptor Vβ utilization and clinical manifestations of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis , 1993, Journal of Neuroimmunology.

[13]  B. Rocha,et al.  Clonal anergy blocks in vivo growth of mature T cells and can be reversed in the absence of antigen , 1993, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[14]  J. Soos,et al.  Treatment of PL/J mice with the superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, prevents development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis , 1993, Journal of Neuroimmunology.

[15]  J. Whitaker,et al.  Specific modulation of T cells and murine experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies. , 1993, Journal of immunology.

[16]  L. Glimcher,et al.  Immunoregulatory Effects of Superantigens: Interactions of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins with Host MHC and non‐MHC Products , 1993, Immunological reviews.

[17]  K. Migita,et al.  The fate of anergic T cells in vivo. , 1993, Journal of immunology.

[18]  Z. Grossman,et al.  Adaptive cellular interactions in the immune system: the tunable activation threshold and the significance of subthreshold responses. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[19]  E. Shevach,et al.  Infection breaks T-cell tolerance , 1992, Nature.

[20]  W. Lee,et al.  Memory T cells are anergic to the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B , 1992, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[21]  J. Suttles,et al.  T cells bearing the CD44hi "memory" phenotype display characteristics of activated cells in G1 stage of cell cycle. , 1992, Cellular immunology.

[22]  E. Ward,et al.  Secretion of T cell receptor fragments from recombinant Escherichia coli cells. , 1992, Journal of molecular biology.

[23]  L. Bradley,et al.  Long-term CD4+ memory T cells from the spleen lack MEL-14, the lymph node homing receptor. , 1992, Journal of Immunology.

[24]  L. Bradley,et al.  Characterization of antigen-specific CD4+ effector T cells in vivo: immunization results in a transient population of MEL-14-, CD45RB- helper cells that secretes interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-3, IL-4, and interferon gamma , 1991, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[25]  H. Macdonald,et al.  Clonal expansion precedes anergy and death of Vβ8+ peripheral T cells responding to staphylococcal enterotoxin B in vivo , 1991, European journal of immunology.

[26]  A. Coutinho,et al.  Normal serum immunoglobulins participate in the selection of peripheral B-cell repertoires. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[27]  P. Marrack,et al.  A maternally inherited superantigen encoded by a mammary tumour virus , 1991, Nature.

[28]  A. Matossian-Rogers,et al.  Unresponsiveness to Mlsa induced in newborn Mlsb mice by maternal preimmunization. , 1991, Immunology.

[29]  Y. Kawabe,et al.  Programmed cell death and extrathymic reduction of Vβ8+CD4+ T cells in mice tolerant to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B , 1991, Nature.

[30]  M. Bevan,et al.  Selective anergy of V beta 8+,CD4+ T cells in Staphylococcus enterotoxin B-primed mice , 1990, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[31]  P. Marrack,et al.  The staphylococcal enterotoxins and their relatives. , 1990, Science.

[32]  C. Fathman,et al.  A subset of memory CD4+ helper T lymphocytes identified by expression of Pgp-1 , 1989, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[33]  P. Pereira,et al.  B cell participation in the recursive selection of T cell repertoires , 1988, European journal of immunology.

[34]  L. R. Borlado,et al.  Evidence for B cell participation in the in vitro and in vivo maintenance of in vivo staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced T cell anergy. , 1997, International immunology.

[35]  K. Heeg,et al.  Superantigen-reactive T cells that display an anergic phenotype in vitro appear functional in vivo. , 1995, International immunology.

[36]  M. Toribio,et al.  Mutual cell interactions and the selection of immune repertoires: implication in autoimmunity. , 1988, Immunology today.