Analysis of K‐ras, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations in laterally‐spreading tumors of the colorectum

Background and Aims:  Laterally‐spreading tumors (LST) are a newly‐recognized category of colorectal neoplasia, and are defined as lesions larger than 10 mm in diameter and extending circumferentially rather than vertically. However, genetic features of this new category of tumors are not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic alterations in LST.

[1]  T. Matsuda,et al.  Treatment strategy for laterally spreading tumors in Japan: Before and after the introduction of endoscopic submucosal dissection , 2009, Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology.

[2]  S. Ogino,et al.  PIK3CA mutation in colorectal cancer: relationship with genetic and epigenetic alterations. , 2008, Neoplasia.

[3]  Sanjay Goel,et al.  PIK3CA mutation/PTEN expression status predicts response of colon cancer cells to the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor cetuximab. , 2008, Cancer research.

[4]  Minoru Toyota,et al.  Integrated genetic and epigenetic analysis identifies three different subclasses of colon cancer , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[5]  M. Yasuno,et al.  PIK3CA mutation is predictive of poor survival in patients with colorectal cancer , 2007, International journal of cancer.

[6]  Jun Kato,et al.  Genetic and epigenetic alterations of Ras signalling pathway in colorectal neoplasia: analysis based on tumour clinicopathological features , 2007, British Journal of Cancer.

[7]  Lewis C. Cantley,et al.  AKT/PKB Signaling: Navigating Downstream , 2007, Cell.

[8]  Hiroyuki Yamamoto,et al.  Mutational analysis of beta-catenin and the RAS-RAF signalling pathway in early flat-type colorectal tumours. , 2006, European journal of cancer.

[9]  Chiu-Hsieh Hsu,et al.  Associations of Ki-ras Proto-oncogene Mutation and p53 Gene Overexpression in Sporadic Colorectal Adenomas with Demographic and Clinicopathologic Characteristics , 2006, Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention.

[10]  T. Morikawa,et al.  Laterally spreading type of colorectal adenoma exhibits a unique methylation phenotype and K-ras mutations. , 2006, Gastroenterology.

[11]  T. Gotoda,et al.  Endoscopic indications for endoscopic mucosal resection of laterally spreading tumours in the colorectum , 2006, Gut.

[12]  Elizabeth L. Barry,et al.  K‐ras mutations in incident sporadic colorectal adenomas , 2006, Cancer.

[13]  A. Terano,et al.  Analysis of K‐ras mutations and expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 and gastrin protein in laterally spreading tumors , 2005, Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology.

[14]  S. Schwartz,et al.  The prevalence of PIK3CA mutations in gastric and colon cancer. , 2005, European journal of cancer.

[15]  N. Sato,et al.  Frequent hypermethylation of RASSF1A in early flat-type colorectal tumors , 2004, Oncogene.

[16]  Y. Samuels,et al.  Oncogenic mutations of PIK3CA in human cancers. , 2004, Current topics in microbiology and immunology.

[17]  S. Cross,et al.  Colonoscopic resection of lateral spreading tumours: a prospective analysis of endoscopic mucosal resection , 2004, Gut.

[18]  N. Matsubara,et al.  BRAF mutation is associated with DNA methylation in serrated polyps and cancers of the colorectum , 2004, Gut.

[19]  J. Ptak,et al.  High Frequency of Mutations of the PIK3CA Gene in Human Cancers , 2004, Science.

[20]  M. Stratton,et al.  Similarity of the phenotypic patterns associated with BRAF and KRAS mutations in colorectal neoplasia. , 2002, Cancer research.

[21]  K. Kinzler,et al.  Tumorigenesis: RAF/RAS oncogenes and mismatch-repair status , 2002, Nature.

[22]  A. Nicholson,et al.  Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer , 2002, Nature.

[23]  이석호,et al.  Kirsten ras mutations in patients with colorectal cancer: the ‘RASCAL II’ study , 2001, British Journal of Cancer.

[24]  C. Boland,et al.  Genetic pathways in the evolution of morphologically distinct colorectal neoplasms. , 2001, Cancer research.

[25]  M. Leppert,et al.  Relationship of Ki-ras mutations in colon cancers to tumor location, stage, and survival: a population-based study. , 2000, Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.

[26]  J. Herman,et al.  CpG island methylator phenotype in colorectal cancer. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[27]  J. Chiang,et al.  K-ras codon 12 mutation determines the polypoid growth of colorectral cancer. , 1998, Cancer research.

[28]  A. Norman,et al.  Kirsten ras mutations in patients with colorectal cancer: the multicenter "RASCAL" study. , 1998, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[29]  Shin-ei Kudo,et al.  Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Early Colorectal Cancer , 1997, World Journal of Surgery.

[30]  T. Muto,et al.  Polypoid growth and K‐ras codon 12 mutation in coiorectal cancer , 1995, Cancer.

[31]  S. Maeda,et al.  Non‐involvement of ras mutations in flat colorectal adenomas and carcinomas , 1994, International journal of cancer.

[32]  S. Kudo,et al.  Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Flat and Depressed Types of Early Colorectal Cancer , 1993, Endoscopy.

[33]  三上 雅史 Mutational analysis of β-catenin and the RAS-RAF signalling pathway in early flat-type colorectal tumours , 2007 .