Hydrogel Properties and Their Impact on Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering

Hydrogels (HGs), as three-dimensional structures, are widely used in modern medicine, including regenerative medicine. The use of HGs in wound treatment and tissue engineering is a rapidly developing sector of medicine. The unique properties of HGs allow researchers to easily modify them to maximize their potential. Herein, we describe the physicochemical properties of HGs, which determine their subsequent applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Examples of chemical modifications of HGs and their applications are described based on the latest scientific reports.

[1]  S. Van Vlierberghe,et al.  Development of Gelatin-Alginate Hydrogels for Burn Wound Treatment. , 2019, Macromolecular bioscience.

[2]  Stephen M Richardson,et al.  Self-healing, stretchable and robust interpenetrating network hydrogels. , 2018, Biomaterials science.

[3]  Guanglin Wang,et al.  Fabrication of dual network self-healing alginate/guar gum hydrogels based on polydopamine-type microcapsules from mesoporous silica nanoparticles. , 2019, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[4]  Megan Logan,et al.  Biocompatibility of hydrogel-based scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. , 2017, Biotechnology advances.

[5]  Douglas B. Chrisey,et al.  Application of laser printing to mammalian cells , 2004 .

[6]  L. Marin,et al.  Drug delivery systems based on biocompatible imino-chitosan hydrogels for local anticancer therapy , 2018, Drug delivery.

[7]  B. Ravoo,et al.  Photoresponsive hybrid hydrogel with a dual network of agarose and a self-assembling peptide. , 2020, Soft matter.

[8]  L. Bertassoni,et al.  A dentin-derived hydrogel bioink for 3D bioprinting of cell laden scaffolds for regenerative dentistry , 2018, Biofabrication.

[9]  Gao Li,et al.  Single component Pluronic F127-lipoic acid hydrogels with self-healing and multi-responsive properties , 2019, European Polymer Journal.

[10]  A. Feinberg,et al.  Cryopreserved cell-laden alginate microgel bioink for 3D bioprinting of living tissues. , 2019, Materials today. Chemistry.

[11]  T. Maeda.  Structures and Applications of Thermoresponsive Hydrogels and Nanocomposite-Hydrogels Based on Copolymers with Poly (Ethylene Glycol) and Poly (Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Blocks , 2019, Bioengineering.

[12]  Yinan Wang,et al.  Recent development and biomedical applications of self-healing hydrogels , 2018, Expert opinion on drug delivery.

[13]  Yang Wang,et al.  A natural cordycepin/chitosan complex hydrogel with outstanding self-healable and wound healing properties. , 2019, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[14]  Xiaofeng Cui,et al.  Bioprinting Cartilage Tissue from Mesenchymal Stem Cells and PEG Hydrogel. , 2017, Methods in molecular biology.

[15]  Joo Yeon Park,et al.  A microbial siderophore-inspired self-gelling hydrogel for noninvasive anticancer phototherapy. , 2019, Cancer research.

[16]  F. Picard,et al.  3D bioprinting of mature bacterial biofilms for antimicrobial resistance drug testing , 2019, Biofabrication.

[17]  Zhangyong Hong,et al.  Targeted Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9‐Mediated Cancer Gene Therapy via Liposome‐Templated Hydrogel Nanoparticles , 2017, Advanced functional materials.

[18]  Jae Young Lee,et al.  Micropatterned conductive hydrogels as multifunctional muscle-mimicking biomaterials: Graphene-incorporated hydrogels directly patterned with femtosecond laser ablation. , 2019, Acta biomaterialia.

[19]  Anders Lindahl,et al.  In Vivo Chondrogenesis in 3D Bioprinted Human Cell-laden Hydrogel Constructs , 2017, Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open.

[20]  Matthias P Lutolf,et al.  3D Inkjet Printing of Complex, Cell-Laden Hydrogel Structures , 2018, Scientific Reports.

[21]  C. Ning,et al.  Soft Conducting Polymer Hydrogels Cross-Linked and Doped by Tannic Acid for Spinal Cord Injury Repair. , 2018, ACS nano.

[22]  J. Iatridis,et al.  THERMORESPONSIVE, REDOX-POLYMERIZED CELLULOSIC HYDROGELS UNDERGO IN SITU GELATION AND RESTORE INTERVERTEBRAL DISC BIOMECHANICS POST DISCECTOMY , 2018, European cells & materials.

[23]  Han Lu,et al.  Electroconductive hydrogels for biomedical applications. , 2019, Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology.

[24]  W. Koh,et al.  Incorporation of Conductive Materials into Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications , 2018, Polymers.

[25]  Kan Wang,et al.  Controllable fabrication of hydroxybutyl chitosan/oxidized chondroitin sulfate hydrogels by 3D bioprinting technique for cartilage tissue engineering , 2019, Biomedical materials.

[26]  Xiaohong Hu,et al.  A new route to fabricate biocompatible hydrogels with controlled drug delivery behavior. , 2016, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[27]  Fei Xu,et al.  Structured Macroporous Hydrogels: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities , 2018, Advanced healthcare materials.

[28]  Kwideok Park,et al.  Novel skin patch combining human fibroblast-derived matrix and ciprofloxacin for infected wound healing , 2018, Theranostics.

[29]  P. Butler,et al.  Injectable Pore-Forming Hydrogel Scaffolds for Complex Wound Tissue Engineering: Designing and Controlling Their Porosity and Mechanical Properties. , 2016, Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews.

[30]  Zsolt Bor,et al.  Survival and proliferative ability of various living cell types after laser-induced forward transfer. , 2005, Tissue engineering.

[31]  Jing Chen,et al.  Conductive graphene oxide hydrogels reduced and bridged by l-cysteine to support cell adhesion and growth. , 2017, Journal of materials chemistry. B.

[32]  Jeng-Shiung Jan,et al.  Biomimetic hydrogels based on L-Dopa conjugated gelatin as pH-responsive drug carriers and antimicrobial agents. , 2020, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[33]  Yongping Liang,et al.  Biocompatible conductive hydrogels based on dextran and aniline trimer as electro-responsive drug delivery system for localized drug release. , 2019, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[34]  P. Flory,et al.  STATISTICAL MECHANICS OF CROSS-LINKED POLYMER NETWORKS II. SWELLING , 1943 .

[35]  Junfei Tian,et al.  Highly Stretchable, Strain-Sensitive, and Ionic-Conductive Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Wearable Sensors , 2019, Polymers.

[36]  R. Hoogenboom,et al.  One-Pot Automated Synthesis of Quasi Triblock Copolymers for Self-Healing Physically Crosslinked Hydrogels. , 2016, Macromolecular rapid communications.

[37]  Cong Yu,et al.  A near-infrared light-responsive multifunctional nanocomposite hydrogel for efficient and synergistic antibacterial wound therapy and healing promotion. , 2020, Journal of materials chemistry. B.

[38]  A. Mikos,et al.  Effect of swelling ratio of injectable hydrogel composites on chondrogenic differentiation of encapsulated rabbit marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. , 2009, Biomacromolecules.

[39]  K. Du,et al.  Fabrication of high-permeability and high-capacity monolith for protein chromatography. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[40]  Jae Won Lee,et al.  Three-Dimensional Bioprinting of Cell-Laden Constructs Using Polysaccharide-Based Self-Healing Hydrogels. , 2019, Biomacromolecules.

[41]  Sheng He,et al.  Polypyrrole-chitosan conductive biomaterial synchronizes cardiomyocyte contraction and improves myocardial electrical impulse propagation , 2018, Theranostics.

[42]  Ali Khademhosseini,et al.  Coaxial extrusion bioprinting of 3D microfibrous constructs with cell-favorable gelatin methacryloyl microenvironments , 2018, Biofabrication.

[43]  Wei Wang,et al.  Paintable and Rapidly Bondable Conductive Hydrogels as Therapeutic Cardiac Patches , 2018, Advanced materials.

[44]  J. Lu,et al.  Reversible Thermoresponsive Peptide-PNIPAM Hydrogels for Controlled Drug Delivery. , 2019, Biomacromolecules.

[45]  V. V. Shinde,et al.  Azobenzene-grafted carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels with photo-switchable, reduction-responsive and self-healing properties for a controlled drug release system. , 2020, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[46]  Ali Khademhosseini,et al.  Photocrosslinkable Gelatin Hydrogel for Epidermal Tissue Engineering , 2016, Advanced healthcare materials.

[47]  Tianyue Jiang,et al.  Enhanced Transdermal Drug Delivery by Transfersome-Embedded Oligopeptide Hydrogel for Topical Chemotherapy of Melanoma. , 2018, ACS nano.

[48]  Fan Yang,et al.  A facile method to fabricate hydrogels with microchannel-like porosity for tissue engineering. , 2014, Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods.

[49]  Jong Hwan Sung,et al.  Hydrogel‐based three‐dimensional cell culture for organ‐on‐a‐chip applications , 2017, Biotechnology progress.

[50]  Xiao Hu,et al.  Development of Adhesive and Conductive Resilin-Based Hydrogels for Wearable Sensors. , 2019, Biomacromolecules.

[51]  Ayesha Khan,et al.  Inverse high internal phase emulsion polymerization (i-HIPE) of GMMA, HEMA and GDMA for the preparation of superporous hydrogels as a tissue engineering scaffold. , 2016, Journal of materials chemistry. B.

[52]  Xian Jin,et al.  Visible Light Photoinitiation of Cell-Adhesive Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogels for Stereolithography 3D Bioprinting. , 2018, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[53]  B. Mattiasson,et al.  Gelatin cryogels crosslinked with oxidized dextran and containing freshly formed hydroxyapatite as potential bone tissue‐engineering scaffolds , 2013, Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

[54]  C. Fee,et al.  3D Printing of Gelled and Cross-Linked Cellulose Solutions; an Exploration of Printing Parameters and Gel Behaviour , 2020, Bioengineering.

[55]  Y. E. Pivinskii.  Rheology in ceramic and refractory technology. Principal concepts and rheological models , 1994 .

[56]  Bing Yu,et al.  Injectable Schiff base polysaccharide hydrogels for intraocular drug loading and release. , 2019, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[57]  Elliot S. Bishop,et al.  Thermoresponsive Citrate-Based Graphene Oxide Scaffold Enhances Bone Regeneration from BMP9-Stimulated Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells , 2018, ACS biomaterials science & engineering.

[58]  Hui Gao,et al.  Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Coated by Layer-by-Layer Self-assembly Using Cucurbit[7]uril for in Vitro and in Vivo Anticancer Drug Release , 2014, Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society.

[59]  Haiyang Yang,et al.  A photo-degradable injectable self-healing hydrogel based on star poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polypeptide as a potential pharmaceuticals delivery carrier. , 2018, Soft matter.

[60]  A. Rowan,et al.  Polyisocyanopeptide hydrogels: A novel thermo-responsive hydrogel supporting pre-vascularization and the development of organotypic structures. , 2018, Acta biomaterialia.

[61]  C. Pan,et al.  Vascularized Bone-Mimetic Hydrogel Constructs by 3D Bioprinting to Promote Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis , 2019, International journal of molecular sciences.

[62]  D. Letourneur,et al.   Mechanisms of pore formation in hydrogel scaffolds textured by freeze-drying. , 2018, Acta biomaterialia.

[63]  Ying Wang,et al.  Facile strategy to construct a self-healing and biocompatible cellulose nanocomposite hydrogel via reversible acylhydrazone. , 2019, Carbohydrate polymers.

[64]  Min-yan Wei,et al.  Advances in Synthesis and Applications of Self-Healing Hydrogels , 2020, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology.

[65]  B. Paull,et al.  Porogens and porogen selection in the preparation of porous polymer monoliths. , 2019, Journal of separation science.

[66]  Ali Khademhosseini,et al.  Controlling the porosity and microarchitecture of hydrogels for tissue engineering. , 2010, Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews.

[67]  Jianping Shi,et al.  The Research on Multi-Material 3D Vascularized Network Integrated Printing Technology , 2020, Micromachines.

[68]  Bing Wei,et al.  A POSS based hydrogel with mechanical robustness, cohesiveness and a rapid self-healing ability by electrostatic interaction. , 2017, Soft matter.

[69]  R. Misra,et al.  Alginate/poly(amidoamine) injectable hybrid hydrogel for cell delivery , 2018, Journal of biomaterials applications.

[70]  X. Su,et al.  Multifunctional smart hydrogels: potential in tissue engineering and cancer therapy. , 2018, Journal of materials chemistry. B.

[71]  X. Loh,et al.  Targeted and Sustained Corelease of Chemotherapeutics and Gene by Injectable Supramolecular Hydrogel for Drug-Resistant Cancer Therapy. , 2018, Macromolecular rapid communications.

[72]  Yu Zhang,et al.  On-Demand Dissolvable Self-Healing Hydrogel Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Cellulose Nanocrystal for Deep Partial Thickness Burn Wound Healing. , 2018, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[73]  Changsheng Zhao,et al.  Substrate-Independent Ag-Nanoparticle-Loaded Hydrogel Coating with Regenerable Bactericidal and Thermoresponsive Antibacterial Properties. , 2017, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[74]  Keekyoung Kim,et al.  Stereolithography 3D Bioprinting Method for Fabrication of Human Corneal Stroma Equivalent , 2020, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[75]  Fu-qian Sun,et al.  Cyclodextrin-containing hydrogels for contact lenses as a platform for drug incorporation and release. , 2010, Acta biomaterialia.

[76]  Benjamin M. Wu,et al.  Microporous methacrylated glycol chitosan-montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogel for bone tissue engineering , 2019, Nature Communications.

[77]  Hongbo Zhang,et al.  3D Bioprinting of the Sustained Drug Release Wound Dressing with Double-Crosslinked Hyaluronic-Acid-Based Hydrogels , 2019, Polymers.

[78]  Paulo Jorge Da Silva bartolo,et al.  3D bioprinting of photocrosslinkable hydrogel constructs , 2015 .

[79]  K. Ravishankar,et al.  Biocompatible hydrogels of chitosan-alkali lignin for potential wound healing applications. , 2019, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[80]  Zengjie Fan,et al.  Novel chitosan hydrogels reinforced by silver nanoparticles with ultrahigh mechanical and high antibacterial properties for accelerating wound healing. , 2018, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[81]  Qiao Xiao,et al.  Advances in injectable self-healing biomedical hydrogels. , 2019, Acta biomaterialia.

[82]  Jae-Hyung Jang,et al.  Bicomponent electrospinning to fabricate three-dimensional hydrogel-hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds with spatial fiber tortuosity , 2014, Biomedical Microdevices.

[83]  Changkai Sun,et al.  Biodegradable and electroconductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels for neural tissue engineering. , 2018, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[84]  I. Willner,et al.  DNA-Based Hydrogels Loaded with Au Nanoparticles or Au Nanorods: Thermoresponsive Plasmonic Matrices for Shape-Memory, Self-Healing, Controlled Release, and Mechanical Applications. , 2019, ACS nano.

[85]  Mitchell A. Kuss,et al.  Fabrication of versatile dynamic hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels. , 2020, Carbohydrate polymers.

[86]  Youliang Hong,et al.  Combination of the Silver-Ethylene Interaction and 3D Printing to Develop Antibacterial Superporous Hydrogels for Wound Management. , 2019, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[87]  P. Ma,et al.  pH-responsive injectable hydrogels with mucosal adhesiveness based on chitosan-grafted-dihydrocaffeic acid and oxidized pullulan for localized drug delivery. , 2019, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[88]  Alibakhsh Kasaeian,et al.  Biomimetics in drug delivery systems: A critical review , 2017, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[89]  Teruo Okano,et al.  Hydrogels: Swelling, Drug Loading, and Release , 1992, Pharmaceutical Research.

[90]  YangFan,et al.  A facile method to fabricate hydrogels with microchannel-like porosity for tissue engineering. , 2014 .

[91]  Baolin Guo,et al.  Degradable conductive self-healing hydrogels based on dextran-graft-tetraaniline and N-carboxyethyl chitosan as injectable carriers for myoblast cell therapy and muscle regeneration. , 2019, Acta biomaterialia.

[92]  Wenjie Zhang,et al.  In situ gas foaming based on magnesium particle degradation: A novel approach to fabricate injectable macroporous hydrogels. , 2019, Biomaterials.

[93]  I. Porto.  Polymer Biocompatibility , 2012 .

[94]  Sidi A. Bencherif,et al.  Advances in the design of macroporous polymer scaffolds for potential applications in dentistry , 2013, Journal of periodontal & implant science.

[95]  Zhenyu Wang,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of a novel double cross-linked hydrogel based on Diels-Alder click reaction and coordination bonding. , 2018, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[96]  Rui Zhang,et al.  Photo-responsive supramolecular hyaluronic acid hydrogels for accelerated wound healing. , 2020, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[97]  Lianyong Wang,et al.  Injectable hydrogel composed of hydrophobically modified chitosan/oxidized-dextran for wound healing. , 2019, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[98]  T. Maver,et al.  Polysaccharide-Based Bioink Formulation for 3D Bioprinting of an In Vitro Model of the Human Dermis , 2020, Nanomaterials.

[99]  Baolin Guo,et al.  Adhesive Hemostatic Conducting Injectable Composite Hydrogels with Sustained Drug Release and Photothermal Antibacterial Activity to Promote Full-Thickness Skin Regeneration During Wound Healing. , 2019, Small.

[100]  S. Chhibber,et al.  A novel wound dressing consisting of PVA-SA hybrid hydrogel membrane for topical delivery of bacteriophages and antibiotics. , 2019, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[101]  Jie Wei,et al.  Self-healing conductive hydrogels based on alginate, gelatin and polypyrrole serve as a repairable circuit and a mechanical sensor. , 2019, Journal of materials chemistry. B.

[102]  B. Bagheri,et al.  Self-gelling electroactive hydrogels based on chitosan-aniline oligomers/agarose for neural tissue engineering with on-demand drug release. , 2019, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[103]  M. Soleimani,et al.  Nanofibrous hydrogel with stable electrical conductivity for biological applications , 2016 .

[104]  Xiaohong Hu,et al.  Polymer Micelles Laden Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery. , 2016, Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

[105]  L. Adler-Abramovich,et al.  UV Light-Responsive Peptide-Based Supramolecular Hydrogel for Controlled Drug Delivery. , 2018, Macromolecular rapid communications.

[106]  M. Rong,et al.  Repeatedly Intrinsic Self-Healing of Millimeter-Scale Wounds in Polymer through Rapid Volume Expansion Aided Host-Guest Interaction. , 2020, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[107]  Hyungsuk Lee,et al.  Highly conductive and hydrated PEG-based hydrogels for the potential application of a tissue engineering scaffold , 2016 .

[108]  Tengfei Yan,et al.  Injectable and fast self-healing protein hydrogels. , 2019, Soft matter.

[109]  A. Meyer,et al.  3D Printing for the Fabrication of Biofilm-Based Functional Living Materials. , 2019, ACS synthetic biology.

[110]  E. Cranston,et al.  Injectable polysaccharide hydrogels reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals: morphology, rheology, degradation, and cytotoxicity. , 2013, Biomacromolecules.

[111]  Deepak,et al.  Development of a novel chitosan based biocompatible and self-healing hydrogel for controlled release of hydrophilic drug. , 2018, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[112]  H. Bayley,et al.  High-Resolution Patterned Cellular Constructs by Droplet-Based 3D Printing , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[113]  H. Mirzadeh,et al.  In Situ Forming, Cytocompatible, and Self-Recoverable Tough Hydrogels Based on Dual Ionic and Click Cross-Linked Alginate. , 2018, Biomacromolecules.

[114]  Horst Fischer,et al.  GelMA-collagen blends enable drop-on-demand 3D printablility and promote angiogenesis , 2017, Biofabrication.

[115]  Zhirun Yuan,et al.  Fabrication of Microcapsules by the Combination of Biomass Porous Carbon and Polydopamine for Dual Self-Healing Hydrogels. , 2019, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[116]  M. Bermejo,et al.  Covalently crosslinked organophosphorous derivatives‐chitosan hydrogel as a drug delivery system for oral administration of camptothecin , 2019, European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V.

[117]  Nathaniel S. Hwang,et al.  Chondroitin Sulfate-Based Biomineralizing Surface Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Engineering. , 2017, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[118]  Shanshan Lv,et al.  Design of Self-Healing and Electrically Conductive Silk Fibroin-Based Hydrogels. , 2019, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[119]  R. T. Tran,et al.  A new generation of sodium chloride porogen for tissue engineering , 2011, Biotechnology and applied biochemistry.

[120]  N. Peppas,et al.  Hydrogels in Pharmaceutical Formulations , 1999 .

[121]  Keekyoung Kim,et al.  3D bioprinting for engineering complex tissues. , 2016, Biotechnology advances.

[122]  Apurba K. Das,et al.  Investigations of Peptide-Based Biocompatible Injectable Shape-Memory Hydrogels: Differential Biological Effects on Bacterial and Human Blood Cells. , 2018, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[123]  Tomy J. Gutiérrez,et al.  Conductive hydrogels based on agarose/alginate/chitosan for neural disorder therapy. , 2019, Carbohydrate polymers.

[124]  Zhiqiang Jiang,et al.  Injectable and biocompatible chitosan-alginic acid hydrogels , 2019, Biomedical materials.

[125]  M. Darabi,et al.  An injectable conductive Gelatin-PANI hydrogel system serves as a promising carrier to deliver BMSCs for Parkinson's disease treatment. , 2019, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[126]  Andreas Kurtz,et al.  Generation of a 3D Liver Model Comprising Human Extracellular Matrix in an Alginate/Gelatin-Based Bioink by Extrusion Bioprinting for Infection and Transduction Studies , 2018, International journal of molecular sciences.

[127]  Feng Xu,et al.  Engineering the Cell Microenvironment Using Novel Photoresponsive Hydrogels. , 2018, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[128]  Q. Xia,et al.  Design and performance of sericin/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel as a drug delivery carrier for potential wound dressing application. , 2019, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[129]  Jenna L. Dziki,et al.  Injectable, porous, biohybrid hydrogels incorporating decellularized tissue components for soft tissue applications. , 2018, Acta biomaterialia.

[130]  Arianna Stimilli,et al.  Modeling and assessment of self-healing and thixotropy properties for modified binders , 2015 .

[131]  Wei-Cheng Yan,et al.  3D bioprinting of skin tissue: From pre‐processing to final product evaluation☆ , 2018, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[132]  Yufang Zhu,et al.  Reversible physical crosslinking strategy with optimal temperature for 3D bioprinting of human chondrocyte-laden gelatin methacryloyl bioink , 2018, Journal of biomaterials applications.

[133]  P. Ma,et al.  Injectable antibacterial conductive hydrogels with dual response to an electric field and pH for localized "smart" drug release. , 2018, Acta biomaterialia.

[134]  W. Hennink,et al.  In vitro biocompatibility of biodegradable dextran-based hydrogels tested with human fibroblasts. , 2001, Biomaterials.

[135]  Marcia Simon,et al.  Hydrogels for Regenerative Medicine , 2016 .

[136]  Yuanjin Zhao,et al.  Enzymatic Inverse Opal Hydrogel Particles for Biocatalyst. , 2017, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[137]  Makoto Nakamura,et al.  Development of a three-dimensional bioprinter: construction of cell supporting structures using hydrogel and state-of-the-art inkjet technology. , 2009, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[138]  Anisa Andleeb,et al.  Silver nanoparticle impregnated chitosan‐PEG hydrogel enhances wound healing in diabetes induced rabbits , 2019, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[139]  Dong Nyoung Heo,et al.  Development of 3D printable conductive hydrogel with crystallized PEDOT:PSS for neural tissue engineering. , 2019, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[140]  Mingzhu Liu,et al.  An injectable and self-healing hydrogel with covalent cross-linking in vivo for cranial bone repair. , 2017, Journal of materials chemistry. B.

[141]  P. Poulin,et al.  A conductive hydrogel based on alginate and carbon nanotubes for probing microbial electroactivity. , 2018, Soft matter.

[142]  S. L. Banerjee,et al.  A new class of dual responsive self-healable hydrogels based on a core crosslinked ionic block copolymer micelle prepared via RAFT polymerization and Diels-Alder "click" chemistry. , 2017, Soft matter.

[143]  T. Boland,et al.  Thermal inkjet bioprinting triggers the activation of the VEGF pathway in human microvascular endothelial cells in vitro , 2019, Biofabrication.

[144]  S. Ray,et al.  A 3D printed chitosan-pectin hydrogel wound dressing for lidocaine hydrochloride delivery. , 2019, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[145]  Alexander Kros,et al.  Photoresponsive hydrogels for biomedical applications. , 2011, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[146]  L. Cen,et al.  Highly stretchable HA/SA hydrogels for tissue engineering , 2018, Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition.

[147]  Jie Cao,et al.  RETRACTED ARTICLE: LDH hybrid thermosensitive hydrogel for intravaginal delivery of anti-HIV drugs , 2019, Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology.

[148]  D. Elbert,et al.  Liquid-liquid two-phase systems for the production of porous hydrogels and hydrogel microspheres for biomedical applications: A tutorial review. , 2011, Acta biomaterialia.

[149]  Jianhua Zhou,et al.  Sustainable Dual Release of Antibiotic and Growth Factor from pH-Responsive Uniform Alginate Composite Microparticles to Enhance Wound Healing. , 2019, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[150]  N. Peppas,et al.  The swollen polymer network hypothesis: Quantitative models of hydrogel swelling, stiffness, and solute transport , 2020, Progress in Polymer Science.

[151]  M. in het Panhuis,et al.  Self‐Healing Hydrogels , 2016, Advanced materials.

[152]  A. P. Serro,et al.  Controlled drug release from hydrogels for contact lenses: Drug partitioning and diffusion. , 2016, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[153]  K. Baker,et al.  Structure and mechanical properties of supercritical carbon dioxide processed porous resorbable polymer constructs. , 2009, Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials.

[154]  Jae Young Lee,et al.  A novel conductive and micropatterned PEG-based hydrogel enabling the topographical and electrical stimulation of myoblasts. , 2019, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[155]  Wen Feng Lu,et al.  3D bioprinting of tissues and organs for regenerative medicine☆ , 2018, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[156]  A. Abdellatif,et al.  Formulation and evaluation of simvastatin polymeric nanoparticles loaded in hydrogel for optimum wound healing purpose , 2019, Drug design, development and therapy.

[157]  W. Liu,et al.  A pH-Triggered, Self-Assembled, and Bioprintable Hybrid Hydrogel Scaffold for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Based Bone Tissue Engineering , 2019, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[158]  D. Zurakowski,et al.  Thermosensitive Hydrogel Based on PEO–PPO–PEO Poloxamers for a Controlled In Situ Release of Recombinant Adeno‐Associated Viral Vectors for Effective Gene Therapy of Cartilage Defects , 2019, Advanced materials.

[159]  S. Hsu,et al.  Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Self-healing Hydrogels , 2018, Front. Chem..

[160]  X. Qin,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of arginine-NIPAAm hybrid hydrogel as wound dressing: In vitro and in vivo study. , 2018, Acta biomaterialia.

[161]  C. Kan,et al.  Thermoresponsive Hydrogels and Their Biomedical Applications: Special Insight into Their Applications in Textile Based Transdermal Therapy , 2018, Polymers.

[162]  X. Gong,et al.  Thermo-Responsive In-Situ Forming Hydrogel with Sol-Gel Irreversibility for Effective Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infected Wound Healing. , 2019, ACS nano.