Arithmetic optimization algorithm with mathematical operator for spherical minimum spanning tree

In this paper, to effectively reinforce the exploration and exploitation of Arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) and reasonably achieve their balance. A novel mathematical operator-based arithmetic optimization algorithm (MAOA) is proposed, firstly, we use mathematical symmetry operator and median operator to improve the exploitation and exploration ability of the population, respectively. Secondly, we use sine and cosine operator to effectively reinforce the exploration and exploitation of AOA algorithms and reasonably achieve their balance. Finally, the MAOA algorithm is used to solve the spherical mining spanning tree (sphere MST) and communication network problems. Experimental results show that the proposed MAOA has achieved excellent results in terms of global performance, accuracy, robustness, and convergence speed.