Optimizing current harmonics compensation in three-phase power systems with an Enhanced Bacterial foraging approach

Abstract A shunt active power filter (APF) comprising of pulse-width modulation (PWM) based voltage–source inverter (VSI) is presented in this paper, because it has grabbed tremendous attention as a promising power conditioner. However, it involves huge power loss due to the presence of inductors and semiconductor switching devices, resulting in deterioration of APF performance. So, a Proportional–Integral (PI) controller has been used to minimize this undesirable power loss by regulating the dc-link voltage of VSI. Conventional linearized tuning of PI controller gains does not yield satisfactory results for a range of operating conditions due to the complex, non-linear and time-varying nature of power system networks. The goal of this paper is to find out optimized values of PI controller gains by the implementation of optimization techniques. Developed by hybridization of Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Bacterial foraging optimization (BFO), an Enhanced BFO technique is presented in this paper so as to overcome the drawbacks in both PSO and BFO, and accelerate the convergence of optimization problem. Comparative evaluation of PSO, BFO and Enhanced BFO has been carried out with regard to compensation of harmonics in source current in a three-phase three-wire system. Extensive MATLAB simulations followed by real-time performance analysis in Opal-RT Lab simulator validate that, the APF employing Enhanced BFO gives superior load compensation compared to the other alternatives, under a range of supply and sudden load change conditions. It drastically lowers down the source current total harmonic distortion (THD), thereby satisfying the IEEE-519 standard recommendations on harmonic limits.

[1]  Hirofumi Akagi,et al.  Active Harmonic Filters , 2005, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[2]  E. Akpinar,et al.  Evaluation of reference current extraction methods for DSP implementation in active power filters , 2009 .

[3]  J.S. Subjak,et al.  Harmonics-causes, effects, measurements and analysis-update , 1989, Conference Record. Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference.

[4]  M. Salo,et al.  Comparison of Voltage-Source and Current-Source Shunt Active Power Filters , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[5]  M. R. AlRashidi,et al.  A Survey of Particle Swarm Optimization Applications in Power System Operations , 2006 .

[6]  Kamal Al-Haddad,et al.  A review of active filters for power quality improvement , 1999, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[7]  Rasoul Azizipanah-Abarghooee,et al.  A new hybrid bacterial foraging and simplified swarm optimization algorithm for practical optimal dynamic load dispatch , 2013 .

[8]  Kevin D. Seppi,et al.  Adaptive diversity in PSO , 2006, GECCO '06.

[9]  Anup Kumar Panda,et al.  Particle Swarm Optimization and Bacterial Foraging Optimization Techniques for Optimal Current Harmonic Mitigation by Employing Active Power Filter , 2012, Appl. Comput. Intell. Soft Comput..

[10]  Kevin M. Passino,et al.  Biomimicry of bacterial foraging for distributed optimization and control , 2002 .

[11]  S. Mishra,et al.  Bacteria Foraging-Based Solution to Optimize Both Real Power Loss and Voltage Stability Limit , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[12]  Ajith Abraham,et al.  Synergy of PSO and Bacterial Foraging Optimization - A Comparative Study on Numerical Benchmarks , 2008, Innovations in Hybrid Intelligent Systems.

[13]  Amit Konar,et al.  On Stability of the Chemotactic Dynamics in Bacterial-Foraging Optimization Algorithm , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[14]  Xia Li,et al.  A novel particle swarm optimizer hybridized with extremal optimization , 2010, Appl. Soft Comput..

[15]  S. J. Chiang,et al.  Parallel operation of capacity-limited three-phase four-wire active power filters , 2002 .

[16]  J. Nanda,et al.  Multi-machine power system stabilizer design by rule based bacteria foraging , 2007 .

[17]  Hirofumi Akagi,et al.  New trends in active filters for power conditioning , 1996 .

[18]  T. Saravanan,et al.  Optimal Power Flow Using Particle Swarm Optimization , 2014 .

[19]  F. Peng.  Harmonic sources and filtering approaches , 2001 .

[20]  Pramod Agarwal,et al.  Design Simulation and Experimental Investigations, on a Shunt Active Power Filter for Harmonics, and Reactive Power Compensation , 2003 .

[21]  Amin Safari,et al.  A PSO based unified power flow controller for damping of power system oscillations , 2009 .

[22]  Dianguo Xu,et al.  The Application of Particle Swarm Optimization to Passive and Hybrid Active Power Filter Design , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[23]  A. Ghosh,et al.  An Optimization-Based Algorithm for Shunt Active Filter Under Distorted Supply Voltages , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[24]  Yue Shi,et al.  A modified particle swarm optimizer , 1998, 1998 IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation Proceedings. IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (Cat. No.98TH8360).

[25]  Anup Kumar Panda,et al.  Real-time performance analysis and comparison of various control schemes for particle swarm optimization-based shunt active power filters , 2013 .

[26]  Q. Henry Wu,et al.  Bacterial Foraging Algorithm For Dynamic Environments , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation.

[27]  C. N. Bhende,et al.  Bacterial Foraging Technique-Based Optimized Active Power Filter for Load Compensation , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[28]  Anup Kumar Panda,et al.  Three-level H-bridge and three H-bridges-based three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter topologies for high voltage applications , 2013 .

[29]  Dong Hwa Kim,et al.  A hybrid genetic algorithm and bacterial foraging approach for global optimization , 2007, Inf. Sci..

[30]  Niahn-Chung Shieh,et al.  GA-Based Multiobjective PID Control for a Linear , 2003 .

[31]  E.R. Cadaval,et al.  Comparison of Control Strategies for Shunt Active Power Filters in Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[32]  Zwe-Lee Gaing,et al.  A particle swarm optimization approach for optimum design of PID controller in AVR system , 2004 .

[33]  Avik Bhattacharya,et al.  Reviewing Traditional Methods of Reference Current Generation , 2009 .

[34]  Zwe-Lee Gaing.  A particle swarm optimization approach for optimum design of PID controller in AVR system , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[35]  Gil D. Marques,et al.  An instantaneous active and reactive current component method for active filters , 2000 .

[36]  James Kennedy,et al.  The particle swarm: social adaptation of knowledge , 1997, Proceedings of 1997 IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation (ICEC '97).

[37]  W. Chang,et al.  PID controller design of nonlinear systems using an improved particle swarm optimization approach , 2010 .

[38]  Kamal Al-Haddad,et al.  A new control approach to three-phase active filter for harmonics and reactive power compensation , 1998 .

[39]  Ajith Abraham,et al.  Analysis of the reproduction operator in an artificial bacterial foraging system , 2010, Appl. Math. Comput..

[40]  Bhim Singh,et al.  Genetic-Algorithm-Based Design of Passive Filters for Offshore Applications , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[41]  J. S. Subjak,et al.  Harmonics-causes, effects, measurements and analysis-update , 1989, IEEE Record of Conference Papers on Cement Industry Technical Conference.

[42]  Ching-Jung Liao,et al.  Investigation and mitigation of harmonic amplification problems caused by single-tuned filters , 1998 .

[43]  Sukumar Mishra,et al.  A hybrid least square-fuzzy bacterial foraging strategy for harmonic estimation , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation.

[44]  P. Kumar,et al.  Soft Computing Techniques for the Control of an Active Power Filter , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[45]  H. Akagi,et al.  A practical approach to harmonic compensation in power systems-series connection of passive and active filters , 1990, Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.