Rappaport rules: cleavage furrow induction in animal cells.

Cytokinesis in animal cells is achieved by a circumferential ring of differentiated cortex, enriched in actin and myosin, that contracts to divide the cytoplasm (reviewed in ref. 1). The placement of the contractile ring is specified by the mitotic apparatus such that contraction bisects the mitotic spindle, ensuring that division occurs between the separating chromosomes (reviewed in ref. 2). Experiments in which the influence of the mitotic apparatus (MA) on the cortex can be controlled, usually by ablation of the MA at various times, indicate that the signal from the MA to the cortex occurs between anaphase and telophase. Despite many years of experimentation, the nature of this signal remains elusive (2).

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