Water-Stable Lithium Anode with the Three-Layer Construction for Aqueous Lithium–Air Secondary Batteries

A water-stable multilayer Li-metal electrode consisting of a lithium metal, a PEO 18 LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ―BaTO 3 composite polymer, and a lithium-conducting glass ceramic Li 1.3S Ti 1.7S Al 0.25 P 0.9 Si 0.1 O 12 (LTAP) was proposed as the lithium anode for aqueous lithium―air secondary batteries. The addition of finely dispersed nanosize BaTiO 3 in the polymer electrolyte greatly reduced the interfacial resistance between the Li anode and the polymer electrolyte. A Li/PEO 18 LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ―10 wt % BaTiO 3 /LTAP electrode showed a total resistance of 175 Ω cm 2 in a 1 M aqueous LiCl solution at 60°C, with no change in the electrode resistance over a month. The Li/PEO 18 LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ―10 wt % BaTiO 3 /LTAP/aqueous 1 M LiCl/Pt air cell had a stable open-circuit voltage of 3.80 V, which was equivalent to that calculated from the cell reaction of 2Li + 1/2O 2 + H 2 O = 2LiOH. The cell exhibited a stable and reversible discharge/charge performance of 0.5 mA cm ―2 at 60°C, suggesting excellent reversibility of the lithium oxidation reduction reaction for the Li/PEO 18 LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ―10 wt % BaTiO 3 /LTAP electrode.

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