Predicting Canopy Temperatures and Infrared Heater Energy Requirements for Warming Field Plots

Published in Agron. J. 107:129–141 (2015) doi:10.2134/agronj14.0109 Copyright © 2015 by the American Society of Agronomy, 5585 Guilford Road, Madison, WI 53711. All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ABStRACt

[1]  S. B. Idso,et al.  A model of thermal radiation from partly cloudy and overcast skies , 1982 .

[2]  Jeffrey W. White,et al.  Infrared Warming Affects Intrarow Soil Carbon Dioxide Efflux during Vegetative Growth of Spring Wheat , 2013 .

[3]  Jeffrey W. White,et al.  Gas exchange and water relations of spring wheat under full‐season infrared warming , 2011 .

[4]  W. Beckman,et al.  Solar energy thermal processes , 1974 .

[5]  B. Kimball,et al.  Global Warming Can Negate the Expected CO2 Stimulation in Photosynthesis and Productivity for Soybean Grown in the Midwestern United States1[W][OA] , 2013, Plant Physiology.

[6]  I. Impens,et al.  Free Air Temperature Increase (FATI): a new tool to study global warming effects on plants in the field , 1996 .

[7]  I. A. Walter,et al.  The ASCE standardized reference evapotranspiration equation , 2005 .

[8]  B. Kimball,et al.  Infrared heater arrays for warming ecosystem field plots , 2007 .

[9]  B. Kimball Comment on the comment by Amthor et al. on ``Appropriate experimental ecosystem warming methods'' by Aronson and McNulty , 2011 .

[10]  J. Ham Useful Equations and Tables in Micrometeorology , 2015 .

[11]  Jeffrey W. White,et al.  Cardinal temperatures for wheat leaf appearance as assessed from varied sowing dates and infrared warming , 2012 .

[12]  S. Idso An experimental determination of the radiative properties and climatic consequences of atmospheric dust under nonduststorm conditions , 1981 .

[13]  Ray D. Jackson,et al.  Evaluating evaporation from field crops using airborne radiometry and ground-based meteorological data , 1987, Irrigation Science.

[14]  Pedro J. Aphalo,et al.  An Analysis of Ball's Empirical Model of Stomatal Conductance , 1993 .

[15]  B. Kimball,et al.  Decreases in Stomatal Conductance of Soybean under Open-Air Elevation of [CO2] Are Closely Coupled with Decreases in Ecosystem Evapotranspiration12[W][OA] , 2006, Plant Physiology.

[16]  S. Idso A set of equations for full spectrum and 8- to 14-μm and 10.5- to 12.5-μm thermal radiation from cloudless skies , 1981 .

[17]  Jeffrey W. White,et al.  Responses of time of anthesis and maturity to sowing dates and infrared warming in spring wheat , 2011 .

[18]  A. Prata A new long‐wave formula for estimating downward clear‐sky radiation at the surface , 1996 .

[19]  Duc T. Nguyen,et al.  Numerical Methods with Applications , 2011 .

[20]  John M. Norman,et al.  Automated measurement of canopy stomatal conductance based on infrared temperature , 2009 .

[21]  Robert J. Lascano,et al.  Explicit and Recursive Calculation of Potential and Actual Evapotranspiration , 2007 .

[22]  B. Kimball,et al.  Theory and performance of an infrared heater for ecosystem warming , 2005 .

[23]  G. Collatz,et al.  Physiological and environmental regulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration: a model that includes a laminar boundary layer , 1991 .

[24]  Roger Jones,et al.  Regional climate projections , 2007 .

[25]  C.J.T. Spitters,et al.  Separating the diffuse and direct component of global radiation and its implications for modeling canopy photosynthesis Part II. Calculation of canopy photosynthesis , 1986 .

[26]  J. Nagy,et al.  Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment on energy balance and evapotranspiration of cotton , 1994 .

[27]  W. Collins,et al.  Global climate projections , 2007 .

[28]  J. Goudriaan,et al.  SEPARATING THE DIFFUSE AND DIRECT COMPONENT OF GLOBAL RADIATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR MODELING CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS PART I. COMPONENTS OF INCOMING RADIATION , 1986 .

[29]  M. Ek,et al.  The Influence of Atmospheric Stability on Potential Evaporation , 1984 .

[30]  Mark West,et al.  C4 grasses prosper as carbon dioxide eliminates desiccation in warmed semi-arid grassland , 2011, Nature.

[31]  B. A. Kimball,et al.  Simulation of the energy balance of a greenhouse , 1973 .

[32]  G. Campbell,et al.  An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics , 1977 .

[33]  Ray D. Jackson,et al.  A Method for Determination of Infrared Emittance of Leaves , 1969 .

[34]  William P. Kustas,et al.  Aerodynamic Methods for Estimating Turbulent Fluxes , 2005 .

[35]  B. Kimball,et al.  Infrared heater arrays for warming field plots scaled up to 5-m diameter § , 2009 .

[36]  J. Harte,et al.  Shifting Dominance Within a Montane Vegetation Community: Results of a Climate-Warming Experiment , 1995, Science.

[37]  P. Pinter,et al.  Free‐air CO2 enrichment and soil nitrogen effects on energy balance and evapotranspiration of wheat , 1999 .

[38]  Refrigerating ASHRAE handbook of fundamentals , 1967 .

[39]  Jeffrey W. White,et al.  Wheat Growth Response to Increased Temperature from Varied Planting Dates and Supplemental Infrared Heating , 2012 .

[40]  Infrared‐Warmed and Unwarmed Wheat Vegetation Indices Coalesce Using Canopy‐Temperature–Based Growing Degree Days , 2012 .

[41]  J. Monteith,et al.  Principles of Environmental Physics , 2014 .