The Teacher Research Movement: A Decade Later

In this article, we discuss the latest renewal of interest in the U.S. in teacher research and other forms of practitioner inquiry, a movement that is now a little more than a decade old. We argue that part of what makes the current wave of interest a movement and not just the latest educational fad is that teacher research stems from several different, but in some ways compatible, intellectual traditions and educational projects. We identify five major trends that characterize the current U.S. movement: (a) the prominence of teacher research in teacher education, professional development, and school reform; (b) the development of conceptual frameworks and theories of teacher research; (c) the dissemination of teacher research beyond the local level; (d) the emergence of critique of teacher research and the teacher research movement; and (e) the transformative potential of teacher research on some aspects of university culture. Based on our own teacher research experiences and understandings of teacher research, we conclude with thoughts about the future of the movement in the face of the standards movement and other current reforms that create an educational climate quite different from that of a decade ago.

[1]  S. Hart Creating Spaces and Finding Voices: Teachers Collaborating for Empowerment , 1992 .

[2]  Douglas Fisher,et al.  Handbook of Research on Teaching the English Language Arts , 1991 .

[3]  Ann Lieberman,et al.  Staff development: New demands, new realities, new perspectives , 1979 .

[4]  Mary Lynn Hamilton,et al.  Reconceptualizing Teaching Practice: Self-Study in Teacher Education , 1998 .

[5]  Shirley Brice Heath,et al.  Research Currents: A Lot of Talk about Nothing. , 1983 .

[6]  Marilyn Cochran-Smith,et al.  Research on Teaching and Teacher Research: The Issues That Divide , 1990 .

[7]  Susan L. Lytle Risky Business (Teacher Research). , 1993 .

[8]  Milbrey W. McLaughlin,et al.  Teachers' work : individuals, colleagues, and contexts , 1993 .

[9]  Teachers as action researchers: A discussion of developmental, organizational, and policy issues , 1987 .

[10]  J. Kincheloe Teachers as Researchers: Qualitative Inquiry as a Path to Empowerment , 1991 .

[11]  Gary L. Anderson,et al.  Studying Your Own School: An Educator′s Guide to Qualitative Practitioner Research , 1994 .

[12]  D. Schoen The Reflective Practitioner , 1983 .

[13]  Robert B. Stevenson,et al.  Educational Action Research: Becoming Practically Critical , 1995 .

[14]  Angela Jaggar,et al.  Observing the Language Learner. , 1985 .

[15]  Landon E. Beyer,et al.  Knowing and acting : inquiry, ideology, and educational studies , 1989 .

[16]  Sandra Hollingsworth,et al.  Teacher research and educational reform , 1994 .

[17]  Michael Huberman,et al.  Moving Mainstream: Taking a Closer Look at Teacher Research (Focus on Research). , 1996 .

[18]  S. Kemmis,et al.  Educational Action Research in Australia: Organization and Practice , 1997 .

[19]  Sharon Nodie Oja,et al.  Collaborative action research : a developmental approach , 1989 .

[20]  Allan MacKinnon,et al.  Chapter 9: Craft Knowledge and the Education of Teachers , 1992 .

[21]  Allan MacKinnon,et al.  Craft Knowledge and the Education of Teachers , 1992 .

[22]  Marcia H. M. Walsh,et al.  The Teacher as Colleague in Classroom Research. , 1976 .

[23]  Peter J. Denning,et al.  A nation at risk: the imperative for educational reform , 1983, CACM.

[24]  L. Strieb A (Philadelphia) Teacher's Journal. , 1985 .

[25]  Mina P. Shaughnessy Diving IN: An Introduction to Basic Writing. , 1976 .

[26]  John Elliott,et al.  Action research for educational change , 1991 .

[27]  S. Noffke Chapter 6: Professional, Personal, and Political Dimensions of Action Research , 1997 .

[28]  Marilyn Cochran-Smith Reinventing Student Teaching , 1991 .

[29]  R. Linn,et al.  Qualitative methods in research on teaching , 1985 .

[30]  Virginia Richardson‐Koehler Constructivist teacher education : building new understandings , 1997 .

[31]  Kenneth M. Zeichner,et al.  The New Scholarship in Teacher Education , 1999 .

[32]  Ann Lieberman,et al.  The Meaning of Scholarly Activity and the Building of Community , 1992 .

[33]  Ann Lieberman,et al.  Building a Professional Culture in Schools. , 1988 .

[34]  Stephen M. North,et al.  The Making of Knowledge in Composition: Portrait of an Emerging Field. , 1989 .

[35]  Joseph P. McDonald,et al.  Teaching: Making Sense Of An Uncertain Craft , 1992 .

[36]  Gary D. Fenstermacher Chapter 1: The Knower and the Known: The Nature of Knowledge in Research on Teaching , 1994 .

[37]  Sandra Hollingsworth,et al.  International Action Research: A Casebook for Educational Reform , 1997 .

[38]  L. Stenhouse Research as a basis for teaching , 1985 .

[39]  Sandra Hollingsworth,et al.  Teacher Research and Urban Literacy Education: Lessons and Conversations in a Feminist Key , 1994 .

[40]  J.K. Smyth Critical Discourses on Teacher Development , 1996 .

[41]  V. Perrone Working Papers: Reflections on Teachers, Schools, and Communities , 1989 .

[42]  Beverly Daniel Tatum,et al.  Talking About Race, Learning About Racism : The Application of Racial Identity Development Theory in the Classroom , 1992 .

[43]  J. McNiff Action Research Principles and Practice , 1988 .

[44]  M. Fine Chartering urban school reform : reflections on public high schools in the midst of change , 1994 .

[45]  Meeting Strangers in Familiar Places: Teacher Collaboration by Cross-Visitation. , 1991 .

[46]  P. David Pearson Handbook of reading research. , 1990 .

[47]  S. Noffke,et al.  Professional, Personal, and Political Dimensions of Action Research , 1997 .

[48]  Marilyn Cochran-Smith,et al.  Learning to Teach against the Grain , 1991 .

[49]  A Quiet Form of Research. , 1983 .

[50]  M. Wittrock Handbook of research on teaching , 1986 .

[51]  Peter McLaren,et al.  Multicultural Education, Critical Pedagogy, and the Politics of Difference. SUNY Series, Social Context of Education and SUNY Series, Teacher Empowerment and School Reform. , 1995 .

[52]  Marilyn Cochran-Smith,et al.  Inside/Outside: Teacher Research and Knowledge , 1993 .

[53]  Nancie Atwell,et al.  In the Middle : Writing, Reading, and Learning with Adolescents , 1987 .

[54]  Gary L. Anderson,et al.  The New Paradigm Wars: Is There Room for Rigorous Practitioner Knowledge in Schools and Universities? , 1999 .

[55]  Miles Myers,et al.  The Teacher-Researcher: How to Study Writing in the Classroom , 1985 .

[56]  Gaalen L. Erickson,et al.  Reflection in Teacher Education , 1989 .

[57]  M. Haberman,et al.  Handbook of Research on Teacher Education , 1990 .

[58]  D. Clandinin,et al.  Teachers' Professional Knowledge Landscapes , 1995 .

[59]  L. Darling-Hammond The Right To Learn: A Blueprint for Creating Schools That Work. The Jossey-Bass Education Series. , 1997 .

[60]  Gary D. Fenstermacher The Knower and the Known: The Nature of Knowledge in Research on Teaching , 1994 .

[61]  Jean Rudduck,et al.  Research as a Basis for Teaching: Readings from the Work of Lawrence Stenhouse , 1985 .

[62]  Glenda L. Bissex,et al.  Seeing for Ourselves: Case-Study Research by Teachers of Writing. , 1987 .

[63]  Patricia Stock The Dialogic Curriculum: Teaching and Learning in a Multicultural Society , 1995 .

[64]  Cathy Fleischer Composing Teacher-Research: A Prosaic History , 1995 .

[65]  Marilyn Cochran-Smith,et al.  Color Blindness and Basket Making Are Not the Answers: Confronting the Dilemmas of Race, Culture, and Language Diversity in Teacher Education , 1995 .

[66]  Marian M. Mohr,et al.  Working Together: A Guide for Teacher-Researchers , 1987 .

[67]  Carole Edelsky,et al.  Whole Language: What's the Difference? , 1990 .

[68]  Eleanor Duckworth,et al.  The Having of Wonderful Ideas , 1987 .

[69]  Henry T. Trueba,et al.  Culture and the Bilingual Classroom: Studies in Classroom Ethnography , 1981 .

[70]  L. Mccarthy,et al.  John Dewey and the Challenge of Classroom Practice , 1998 .

[71]  Marilyn Cochran-Smith Uncertain Allies: Understanding the Boundaries of Race and Teaching. , 1995 .

[72]  D. Goswami,et al.  Reclaiming the classroom : teacher research as an agency for change , 1987 .

[73]  Lillie R. Albert,et al.  Seeking Social Justice: A Teacher Education Faculty’s Self Study , 1999 .

[74]  Marilyn Cochran-Smith,et al.  Teacher Research: Toward Clarifying the Concept , 1989 .

[75]  Virginia Richardson,et al.  Conducting Research on Practice , 1994 .

[76]  S. Lytle Teacher Research in the Contact Zone , 2000 .

[77]  K. Seashore,et al.  Rethinking school improvement , 1999 .

[78]  A. Gitlin,et al.  Teachers' Voices for School Change: An Introduction to Educative Research , 1992 .

[79]  Ruth E. Ray,et al.  The Practice of Theory: Teacher Research in Composition , 1993 .

[80]  John S. Rigden,et al.  Editorial: The Carnegie report, ‘‘A Nation Prepared: Teachers for the 21st Century’’ , 1986 .

[81]  Gordon Wells,et al.  The Meaning Makers: Children Learning Language and Using Language to Learn. First Edition. , 1985 .

[82]  Magdalene Lampert,et al.  When the Problem Is Not the Question and the Solution Is Not the Answer: Mathematical Knowing and Teaching , 1990 .