High-speed phase-control of wavefronts with binary amplitude DMD for light control through dynamic turbid media

The optical imaging depth in biological materials is limited by the scattering of light in tissue. New methods which control light propagation through scattering media have been introduced with the potential to overcome the scattering of light in biological materials. These techniques shape the incident wavefront to pre-compensate for the scattering effects of light propagation in the material and beyond. However, living biological materials have speckle decorrelation times on the millisecond timescale. This fast rate of change makes liquid crystal spatial light modulation (LC-SLM) devices too slow for this task. To achieve the required wavefront control with high modulation speeds we present binary-amplitude off-axis computer-generated holography implemented on a digital micro-mirror device (DMD). Binary amplitude off-axis holography is a method for the generation of arbitrary wavefronts, and in particular uniform-amplitude phase-modulated images. As a result, we are able to simultaneously encode phase modulated wavefronts at the high frame rate of binary amplitude DMDs. This wavefront encoding technique allows for focusing through temporally dynamic turbid materials at a rate which approaches the decorrelation time of living biological tissue. We demonstrate this technique by high speed wavefront optimization for focusing through turbid media as well as through a dynamic, strongly scattering sample with short speckle decorrelation times. With this approach we attain an order of magnitude improvement in measurement speed over the previous fastest wavefront determination method and three orders of magnitude improvement over LC-SLM methods.

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