Molecular and phenotypic characterization of variation related to pea enation mosaic virus resistance in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Jain, S., Porter, L. D., Kumar, A., Mir, R. R., Eigenbrode, S. D. and McPhee, K. E. 2014. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of variation related to pea enation mosaic virus resistance in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1333-1344. Identification of genetically diverse lentil germplasm with resistance to pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) through the combined approach of molecular marker analysis and phenotyping could prove useful in breeding programs. A total of 44 lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) accessions, were screened for resistance to PEMV. Two accessions (PI 431663 and PI 432028) were identified with resistance to PEMV in field tests while several accessions were found resistant in greenhouse screenings. Thirty-six polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers which produced 43 loci with 2 to 12 alleles per locus were used for genetic diversity analysis. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for these markers ranged from 0.22-0.85 with a mean of 0.55 per marker. Using allelic data of 36 SSR primer pairs, dissimilarity ranging from 0.12 to 0.74 was calculated. Cluster analysis performed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) determined that most of PEMV-resistant accessions were grouped in one cluster along with other accessions from Iran, Chile, Ethiopia, India, Pakistan, Turkey, Afghanistan and Lebanon. All the adapted cultivars originating from North and South America were grouped in another cluster along with some European accessions. The 44 accessions were classified into 4 subpopulations using Structure 2.2 software complimenting the results of UPGMA analysis and indicated the effect of geographical origin on the grouping of accessions. The results of this study can be used to select genetically diverse PEMV-resistant accessions for lentil improvement programs.

[1]  S. Eigenbrode,et al.  Finding Linked Markers to En for Efficient Selection of Pea Enation Mosaic Virus Resistance in Pea , 2013 .

[2]  Wayne E Clarke,et al.  Ancient orphan crop joins modern era: gene-based SNP discovery and mapping in lentil , 2013, BMC Genomics.

[3]  B. vonHoldt,et al.  STRUCTURE HARVESTER: a website and program for visualizing STRUCTURE output and implementing the Evanno method , 2012, Conservation Genetics Resources.

[4]  R. Varshney,et al.  Whole-genome scanning for mapping determinacy in Pigeonpea (Cajanus spp.) , 2012 .

[5]  Shiv Kumar,et al.  Genetic Similarity Analysis in Lentil Using Cross-Genera Legume Sequence Tagged Microsatellite Site Markers , 2011 .

[6]  S. Eigenbrode,et al.  Genomic characterization of pea enation mosaic virus-2 from the Pacific Northwestern USA , 2011, Archives of Virology.

[7]  N. Cogan,et al.  Transcriptome sequencing of lentil based on second-generation technology permits large-scale unigene assembly and SSR marker discovery , 2011, BMC Genomics.

[8]  J. Dvorak,et al.  Leveraging genomic resources of model species for the assessment of diversity and phylogeny in wild and domesticated lentil. , 2011, The Journal of heredity.

[9]  Shiv Kumar,et al.  Crops that feed the world 3. Investing in lentil improvement toward a food secure world , 2011, Food Security.

[10]  L. Porter,et al.  Identification of novel sources of resistance to Pea enation mosaic virus in chickpea germplasm , 2010 .

[11]  F. Muehlbauer,et al.  Linkage mapping of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) genome using recombinant inbred lines revealed by AFLP, ISSR, RAPD and some morphologic markers , 2010 .

[12]  T. Sharma,et al.  Cross‐genera legume SSR markers for analysis of genetic diversity in Lens species , 2009 .

[13]  S. Udupa,et al.  Development of new microsatellite markers and their application in the analysis of genetic diversity in lentils , 2009 .

[14]  Z. Xiaoyan,et al.  Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Germplasm Detected by SSR Markers , 2008 .

[15]  K. Makkouk,et al.  Viral diseases affecting chickpea crops in Eritrea , 2008 .

[16]  G. Evanno,et al.  Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software structure: a simulation study , 2005, Molecular ecology.

[17]  Kejun Liu,et al.  PowerMarker: an integrated analysis environment for genetic marker analysis , 2005, Bioinform..

[18]  T. Warkentin,et al.  Genetic diversity among varieties and wild species accessions of pea (Pisum sativum L.) based on molecular markers, and morphological and physiological characters. , 2005, Genome.

[19]  S. Udupa,et al.  A genetic linkage map of Lens sp. based on microsatellite and AFLP markers and the localization of fusarium vascular wilt resistance , 2005, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[20]  T. Lacombe,et al.  Development of a standard set of microsatellite reference alleles for identification of grape cultivars , 2004, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[21]  P. García,et al.  An intersubspecific genetic map of Lens , 2004, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[22]  K. Makkouk,et al.  Identification and seasonal variation of viral diseases of chickpea and lentil in Iran. , 2003 .

[23]  M. Stephens,et al.  Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: linked loci and correlated allele frequencies. , 2003, Genetics.

[24]  D. Pignone,et al.  Assessment of genetic variation in a collection of lentil using molecular tools , 2001, Euphytica.

[25]  Simcha Lev-Yadun,et al.  The Cradle of Agriculture , 2000, Science.

[26]  P. Donnelly,et al.  Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. , 2000, Genetics.

[27]  K. Makkouk,et al.  First Report of Pea Enation Mosaic Virus Affecting Lentil (Lens culinaris) in Syria. , 1999, Plant disease.

[28]  N. Maxted,et al.  Population genetic structure in Lens taxa revealed by isozyme and RAPD analysis , 1998, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution.

[29]  W. Powell,et al.  A genetic linkage map of lentil (Lens sp.) based on RAPD and AFLP markers using recombinant inbred lines , 1998, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[30]  M. Baum,et al.  The use of Rapd markers for lentil genetic mapping and the evaluation of distorted F2 segregation , 1997, Euphytica.

[31]  R. Ford,et al.  Diversity analysis and species identification in Lens using PCR generated markers , 1997, Euphytica.

[32]  W. Kaiser,et al.  Alfalfa, a non-host of pea enation mosaic virus in Washington State , 1996 .

[33]  R. Waugh,et al.  Relationships among cultivated and wild lentils revealed by RAPD analysis , 1995, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[34]  F. Muehlbauer.  Registration of ‘Palouse’ Lentil , 1992 .

[35]  N. Jouve,et al.  Genetic variation for isozyme genes and proteins in spanish primitive cultivars and wild subspecies of Lens , 1992, Euphytica.

[36]  G. A. de Zoeten,et al.  The nucleotide sequence and luteovirus-like nature of RNA 1 of an aphid non-transmissible strain of pea enation mosaic virus. , 1991, The Journal of general virology.

[37]  F. Muehlbauer.  Registration of ‘Crimson’ Lentil , 1991 .

[38]  F. Muehlbauer,et al.  Registration of ‘Sarah’ Chickpea , 1991 .

[39]  F. Muehlbauer,et al.  Variability for restriction fragment lengths and phylogenies in lentil , 1989, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[40]  G. A. Zoeten,et al.  Characterization of a Satellite RNA Associated with Pea Enation Mosaic Virus , 1989 .

[41]  F. Muehlbauer,et al.  Linkages between restriction fragment length, isozyme, and morphological markers in lentil , 1989, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[42]  F. Muehlbauer.  Registration of ‘Brewer’ and ‘Emerald’ Lentil , 1987 .

[43]  S. Rogers,et al.  Extraction of DNA from milligram amounts of fresh, herbarium and mummified plant tissues , 1985, Plant Molecular Biology.

[44]  A. N. Adams,et al.  Characteristics of the microplate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses. , 1977, The Journal of general virology.

[45]  D. Zohary.  The wild progenitor and the place of origin of the cultivated lentil:Lens culinaris , 1972, Economic Botany.

[46]  V. Youngman.  Lentils—a pulse of the palouse , 1968, Economic Botany.

[47]  K. Chapman,et al.  Efficiency of Three Aphid Species in the Transmission of Pea Enation Mosaic Virus , 1966 .

[48]  R. D. Eichmann.  The Pea Aphid on Canning Peas in Eastern Washington as Influenced by Alfalfa Plantings , 1940 .

[49]  R R Mir,et al.  Virus Resistance Breeding in Cool Season Food Legumes , 2013 .

[50]  R R Mir,et al.  Chapter 11 – Virus Resistance Breeding in Cool Season Food Legumes: Integrating Traditional and Molecular Approaches , 2013 .

[51]  Theunis Piersma,et al.  The interplay between habitat availability and population differentiation , 2012 .

[52]  A. Piergiovanni,et al.  Assessment of the genetic variation in Italian lentil populations by electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of seed storage proteins , 2005 .

[53]  M. Vinagre,et al.  Assessment of genetic variation and species relationships in a collection of "Lens" using RAPD and ISSR , 2004 .

[54]  Maximiliano S. Perez,et al.  RAPD polymorphism in Spanish lentil landraces and cultivars [random amplified polymorphic DNA - Lens culinaris] , 1997 .

[55]  F. Muehlbauer,et al.  Pea enation mosaic virus resistance in lentil (Lens culinaris) , 1987 .

[56]  William C. Cooke.  Ecology of the Pea Aphid in the Blue Mountain Area of Eastern Washington and Oregon , 1963 .