Understanding auditory verbal hallucinations: a systematic review of current evidence

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are core features of psychotic illness and remain significant in predicting poor outcome and risk. There has been a wide range of approaches to understanding these experiences.

[1]  Ben Alderson-Day,et al.  Experiences of hearing voices: analysis of a novel phenomenological survey , 2015, The lancet. Psychiatry.

[2]  N. Craddock,et al.  Adverse childhood events and psychosis in bipolar affective disorder , 2015, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[3]  K. Brunet,et al.  Depression in first episode psychosis: The role of subordination and shame , 2014, Psychiatry Research.

[4]  M. Stephane,et al.  Better Than Mermaids and Stray Dogs? Subtyping Auditory Verbal Hallucinations and Its Implications for Research and Practice , 2014, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[5]  Bradley S Peterson,et al.  Deficits in Predictive Coding Underlie Hallucinations in Schizophrenia , 2014, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[6]  N. Tarrier,et al.  Cognitive behaviour therapy to prevent harmful compliance with command hallucinations (COMMAND): a randomised controlled trial. , 2014, The lancet. Psychiatry.

[7]  J. Ford,et al.  Studying Hallucinations Within the NIMH RDoC Framework , 2014, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[8]  N. Vasic,et al.  Source-based morphometry of gray matter volume in patients with schizophrenia who have persistent auditory verbal hallucinations , 2014, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry.

[9]  T. McGlashan,et al.  Attenuated psychosis syndrome: ready for DSM-5.1? , 2014, Annual review of clinical psychology.

[10]  B. O’Donnell,et al.  The Mismatch Negativity: A Translational Probe of Auditory Processing in Cannabis Users , 2014, Biological Psychiatry.

[11]  S. Eickhoff,et al.  Aberrant connectivity of areas for decoding degraded speech in patients with auditory verbal hallucinations , 2014, Brain Structure and Function.

[12]  A. Cachia,et al.  The multimodal connectivity of the hippocampal complex in auditory and visual hallucinations , 2014, Molecular Psychiatry.

[13]  Marcia K. Johnson,et al.  Brain Mechanisms Underlying Reality Monitoring for Heard and Imagined Words , 2014, Psychological science.

[14]  E. Fernandez-Egea,et al.  Brain Metabolism during Hallucination-Like Auditory Stimulation in Schizophrenia , 2014, PloS one.

[15]  A. Kalhovde,et al.  Understanding the Experiences of Hearing Voices and Sounds Others Do Not Hear , 2013, Qualitative health research.

[16]  Dan J Stein,et al.  DSM-5: a collection of psychiatrist views on the changes, controversies, and future directions , 2013, BMC Medicine.

[17]  Marte Swart,et al.  When Broca goes uninformed: reduced information flow to Broca's area in schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations. , 2013, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[18]  V. Bruce,et al.  A Preliminary Investigation into the Existence of a Hypervigilance Subtype of Auditory Hallucination in People with Psychosis , 2013, Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy.

[19]  Hok Pan Yuen,et al.  Long-term follow-up of a group at ultra high risk ("prodromal") for psychosis: the PACE 400 study. , 2013, JAMA psychiatry.

[20]  J. Reichenbach,et al.  Superior temporal metabolic changes related to auditory hallucinations: a 31P-MR spectroscopy study in antipsychotic-free schizophrenia patients , 2013, Brain Structure and Function.

[21]  V. Knott,et al.  Auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia correlate with P50 gating , 2013, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[22]  Chunming Xie,et al.  Voice recognition and altered connectivity in schizophrenic patients with auditory hallucinations , 2013, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry.

[23]  R. Kahn,et al.  Dopaminergic function in the psychosis spectrum: an [18F]-DOPA imaging study in healthy individuals with auditory hallucinations. , 2013, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[24]  Hidehiko Takahashi,et al.  Cerebral responses to vocal attractiveness and auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: a functional MRI study , 2013, Front. Hum. Neurosci..

[25]  R. Kahn,et al.  The auditory dorsal stream plays a crucial role in projecting hallucinated voices into external space , 2013, Schizophrenia Research.

[26]  K. Diederen,et al.  Reproducibility of brain activation during auditory verbal hallucinations , 2013, Schizophrenia Research.

[27]  D. Pins,et al.  The neurodynamic organization of modality-dependent hallucinations. , 2013, Cerebral cortex.

[28]  P. McGuire,et al.  Neuroanatomy of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia: A quantitative meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies , 2013, Cortex.

[29]  C. Fernyhough,et al.  Stop, look, listen: the need for philosophical phenomenological perspectives on auditory verbal hallucinations , 2013, Front. Hum. Neurosci..

[30]  Justin T. Baker,et al.  Functional connectivity of left Heschl's gyrus in vulnerability to auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia , 2013, Schizophrenia Research.

[31]  Benjamin Thyreau,et al.  Schizophrenia as a Network Disease: Disruption of Emergent Brain Function in Patients with Auditory Hallucinations , 2013, PloS one.

[32]  R. Murray,et al.  Can we identify and treat “schizophrenia light” to prevent true psychotic illness? , 2013, BMJ.

[33]  A. Caspi,et al.  Specificity of childhood psychotic symptoms for predicting schizophrenia by 38 years of age: a birth cohort study , 2013, Psychological Medicine.

[34]  R. S. Kahn,et al.  Aberrant resting-state connectivity in non-psychotic individuals with auditory hallucinations , 2012, Psychological Medicine.

[35]  D. Linden,et al.  The relationship between metacognitive beliefs, auditory hallucinations, and hallucination-related distress in clinical and non-clinical voice-hearers. , 2012, The British journal of clinical psychology.

[36]  In-Young Kim,et al.  Distinct neural responses used to gain insight into hallucinatory perception in patients with schizophrenia. , 2012, Journal of psychiatric research.

[37]  Simon B. Eickhoff,et al.  Resting State Functional Connectivity in Patients with Chronic Hallucinations , 2012, PloS one.

[38]  Thomas Dierks,et al.  Auditory verbal hallucinations: imaging, analysis, and intervention , 2012, European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience.

[39]  K. Diederen,et al.  Auditory hallucinations elicit similar brain activation in psychotic and nonpsychotic individuals. , 2012, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[40]  D. Hubl,et al.  Possible dysregulation of cortical plasticity in auditory verbal hallucinations-A cortical thickness study in schizophrenia. , 2012, Journal of Psychiatric Research.

[41]  V. Knott,et al.  Nicotine, Auditory Sensory Memory, and sustained Attention in a Human Ketamine Model of Schizophrenia: Moderating Influence of a Hallucinatory Trait , 2012, Front. Pharmacol..

[42]  Paul Allen,et al.  Self-recognition deficits in schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations: a meta-analysis of the literature. , 2012, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[43]  S. Kühn,et al.  Quantitative meta-analysis on state and trait aspects of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia. , 2012, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[44]  D. Ffytche,et al.  The characteristic features of auditory verbal hallucinations in clinical and nonclinical groups: state-of-the-art overview and future directions. , 2012, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[45]  Peter F. Liddle,et al.  Structural correlates of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis , 2012, Schizophrenia Research.

[46]  R. Hoffman,et al.  Neuroimaging auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: from neuroanatomy to neurochemistry and beyond. , 2012, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[47]  J. Read,et al.  Childhood Adversities Increase the Risk of Psychosis: A Meta-analysis of Patient-Control, Prospective- and Cross-sectional Cohort Studies , 2012, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[48]  J. Ford,et al.  Default mode network activity and connectivity in psychopathology. , 2012, Annual review of clinical psychology.

[49]  A. Aleman,et al.  Abnormal connectivity between attentional, language and auditory networks in schizophrenia , 2012, Schizophrenia Research.

[50]  H. Hoek,et al.  Auditory verbal hallucinations in patients with borderline personality disorder are similar to those in schizophrenia , 2012, Psychological Medicine.

[51]  Stephanie J. Forkel,et al.  Altered Integrity of Perisylvian Language Pathways in Schizophrenia: Relationship to Auditory Hallucinations , 2011, Biological Psychiatry.

[52]  R. Kahn,et al.  Aberrations in the arcuate fasciculus are associated with auditory verbal hallucinations in psychotic and in non‐psychotic individuals , 2011, Human brain mapping.

[53]  C. Schönfeldt-Lecuona,et al.  Dysconnectivity of multiple resting-state networks in patients with schizophrenia who have persistent auditory verbal hallucinations. , 2011, Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN.

[54]  A. Aleman,et al.  Subjective loudness and reality of auditory verbal hallucinations and activation of the inner speech processing network. , 2011, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[55]  E. Fernandez-Egea,et al.  Differential brain glucose metabolic patterns in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia with and without auditory verbal hallucinations. , 2011, Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN.

[56]  Andrew J. Rosenfeld,et al.  Oxytocin, dopamine, and the amygdala: a neurofunctional model of social cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. , 2011, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[57]  Peter F. Liddle,et al.  Regional contraction of brain surface area involves three large-scale networks in schizophrenia , 2011, Schizophrenia Research.

[58]  Alan S. Brown,et al.  The developmental course of executive functioning in schizophrenia , 2011, International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience.

[59]  R. Hoffman,et al.  Time course of regional brain activity accompanying auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia , 2011, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[60]  Georg Northoff,et al.  How can the brain's resting state activity generate hallucinations? A ‘resting state hypothesis’ of auditory verbal hallucinations , 2011, Schizophrenia Research.

[61]  R. Kahn,et al.  The same or different? A phenomenological comparison of auditory verbal hallucinations in healthy and psychotic individuals. , 2011, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[62]  Michelle Hampson,et al.  Elevated Functional Connectivity Along a Corticostriatal Loop and the Mechanism of Auditory/Verbal Hallucinations in Patients with Schizophrenia , 2011, Biological Psychiatry.

[63]  M. Maybery,et al.  The role of emotion regulation in auditory hallucinations , 2011, Psychiatry Research.

[64]  V. van de Ven,et al.  The brain's voices: comparing nonclinical auditory hallucinations and imagery. , 2011, Cerebral cortex.

[65]  S. Lawrie,et al.  The 'continuum of psychosis': scientifically unproven and clinically impractical. , 2010, The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science.

[66]  Sebastiaan F W Neggers,et al.  Decreased language lateralization is characteristic of psychosis, not auditory hallucinations. , 2010, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[67]  V. Knott,et al.  Auditory hallucinations and the P3a: Attention-switching to speech in schizophrenia , 2010, Biological Psychology.

[68]  J. O. Johannessen,et al.  Early detection of psychosis: positive effects on 5-year outcome , 2010, Psychological Medicine.

[69]  R. Kahn,et al.  Increased psychophysiological parameters of attention in non-psychotic individuals with auditory verbal hallucinations , 2010, Schizophrenia Research.

[70]  A. Yung,et al.  The psychosis threshold in Ultra High Risk (prodromal) research: Is it valid? , 2010, Schizophrenia Research.

[71]  J. Read,et al.  Schizophrenia and Borderline Personality Disorder: Similarities and Differences in the Experience of Auditory Hallucinations, Paranoia, and Childhood Trauma , 2010, The Journal of nervous and mental disease.

[72]  J. A. Boer,et al.  Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia Are Associated with Reduced Functional Connectivity of the Temporo-Parietal Area , 2010, Biological Psychiatry.

[73]  Christian Gaser,et al.  Auditory hallucinations and brain structure in schizophrenia: voxel-based morphometric study , 2010, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[74]  Luis Martí-Bonmatí,et al.  Increased amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus activation in schizophrenic patients with auditory hallucinations: An fMRI study using independent component analysis , 2010, Schizophrenia Research.

[75]  G. Juckel,et al.  Prediction of psychosis in adolescents and young adults at high risk: results from the prospective European prediction of psychosis study. , 2010, Archives of general psychiatry.

[76]  Michael J. Owen,et al.  The Kraepelinian dichotomy – going, going... but still not gone , 2010, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[77]  L. Krabbendam,et al.  FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF INNER SPEECH IN SCHIZOPHRENIA , 2010, Schizophrenia Research.

[78]  J. Pierre Hallucinations in nonpsychotic disorders: toward a differential diagnosis of "hearing voices". , 2010, Harvard review of psychiatry.

[79]  Kenneth Hugdahl,et al.  "Hearing voices": auditory hallucinations as failure of top-down control of bottom-up perceptual processes. , 2009, Scandinavian journal of psychology.

[80]  M. Birchwood,et al.  The evolution of depression and suicidality in first episode psychosis , 2009, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[81]  D. Hubl,et al.  Structural Analysis of Heschl’s Gyrus in Schizophrenia Patients with Auditory Hallucinations , 2009, Neuropsychobiology.

[82]  G. Egan,et al.  Reduced connectivity of the auditory cortex in patients with auditory hallucinations: a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study , 2009, Psychological Medicine.

[83]  Andrea Mechelli,et al.  Structural covariance in the hallucinating brain: a voxel-based morphometry study. , 2009, Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN.

[84]  J. Os ‘Salience syndrome’ replaces ‘schizophrenia’ in DSM‐V and ICD‐11: psychiatry’s evidence‐based entry into the 21st century? , 2009 .

[85]  Elia Formisano,et al.  Anatomical brain connectivity and positive symptoms of schizophrenia: A diffusion tensor imaging study , 2009, Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging.

[86]  R. Hari,et al.  Reality of auditory verbal hallucinations , 2009, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[87]  I. Hickie,et al.  Intervention in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis: a review and future directions. , 2009, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[88]  Hae-Jeong Park,et al.  Abnormal brain response during the auditory emotional processing in schizophrenic patients with chronic auditory hallucinations , 2009, Schizophrenia Research.

[89]  Philip K. McGuire,et al.  The hallucinating brain: A review of structural and functional neuroimaging studies of hallucinations , 2008, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[90]  R. Kahn,et al.  Auditory verbal hallucinations predominantly activate the right inferior frontal area. , 2008, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[91]  V. Knott,et al.  Auditory hallucinations and the mismatch negativity: processing speech and non-speech sounds in schizophrenia. , 2008, International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology.

[92]  Zhijun Zhang,et al.  Relationship of auditory verbal hallucinations with cerebral asymmetry in patients with schizophrenia: an event-related fMRI study. , 2008, Journal of psychiatric research.

[93]  V. Knott,et al.  The right profile: Mismatch negativity in schizophrenia with and without auditory hallucinations as measured by a multi-feature paradigm , 2008, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[94]  Jae-Jin Kim,et al.  White matter abnormalities associated with auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: A combined study of voxel-based analyses of diffusion tensor imaging and structural magnetic resonance imaging , 2007, Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging.

[95]  Paul Allen,et al.  Misattribution of speech and impaired connectivity in patients with auditory verbal hallucinations , 2007, Human brain mapping.

[96]  S. Shergill,et al.  Brain structural changes in schizophrenia patients with persistent hallucinations , 2007, Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging.

[97]  Luis Martí-Bonmatí,et al.  Chronic auditory hallucinations in schizophrenic patients: MR analysis of the coincidence between functional and morphologic abnormalities. , 2007, Radiology.

[98]  J. Kornhuber,et al.  Specific and Unspecific Auditory Hallucinations in Patients with Schizophrenia , 2007, Neuropsychobiology.

[99]  A. Yung,et al.  Declining transition rate in ultra high risk (prodromal) services: dilution or reduction of risk? , 2007, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[100]  David Moratal,et al.  Emotional words induce enhanced brain activity in schizophrenic patients with auditory hallucinations , 2007, Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging.

[101]  Jamila Andoh,et al.  Left superior temporal gyrus activation during sentence perception negatively correlates with auditory hallucination severity in schizophrenia patients , 2006, Schizophrenia Research.

[102]  M. Pérez-Álvarez,et al.  The role of meta-cognitions and thought control techniques in predisposition to auditory and visual hallucinations. , 2006, The British journal of clinical psychology.

[103]  P. McGuire,et al.  Misattribution of self-generated speech in relation to hallucinatory proneness and delusional ideation in healthy volunteers , 2006, Schizophrenia Research.

[104]  G. Dunn,et al.  Emotional dysfunction in schizophrenia spectrum psychosis: the role of illness perceptions , 2006, Psychological Medicine.

[105]  K. Hugdahl,et al.  MR MORPHOMETRY ANALYSIS OF GREY MATTER VOLUME REDUCTION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: ASSOCIATION WITH HALLUCINATIONS , 2006, The International journal of neuroscience.

[106]  Patricia T Michie,et al.  Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: Intrusive thoughts and forgotten memories , 2006, Cognitive neuropsychiatry.

[107]  Judith M Ford,et al.  Corollary discharge dysfunction in schizophrenia: can it explain auditory hallucinations? , 2005, International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology.

[108]  J. Read,et al.  Childhood trauma, psychosis and schizophrenia: a literature review with theoretical and clinical implications , 2005, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[109]  Thomas Dierks,et al.  The spatiotemporal pattern of auditory cortical responses during verbal hallucinations , 2005, NeuroImage.

[110]  R. de Graaf,et al.  Development of depressed mood predicts onset of psychotic disorder in individuals who report hallucinatory experiences. , 2005, The British journal of clinical psychology.

[111]  Klaus P. Ebmeier,et al.  Predicting schizophrenia: findings from the Edinburgh High-Risk Study , 2005, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[112]  Edson Amaro,et al.  Temporal course of auditory hallucinations. , 2004, The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science.

[113]  P. Gilbert,et al.  Interpersonal and role-related schema influence the relationship with the dominant ‘voice’ in schizophrenia: a comparison of three models , 2004, Psychological Medicine.

[114]  M. Birchwood,et al.  Acting on command hallucinations and dangerous behavior: a critique of the major findings in the last decade. , 2004, Clinical psychology review.

[115]  A. Mackinnon,et al.  On the non-significance of internal versus external auditory hallucinations , 2004, Schizophrenia Research.

[116]  Seung-Hwan Lee,et al.  Abnormal speech perception in schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations , 2004, Acta Neuropsychiatrica.

[117]  M. Birchwood,et al.  Cognitive therapy for command hallucinations: randomised controlled trial , 2004, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[118]  Charles Fernyhough,et al.  Alien voices and inner dialogue: towards a developmental account of auditory verbal hallucinations , 2004 .

[119]  André Aleman,et al.  Cognitive basis of hallucinations in schizophrenia: role of top-down information processing , 2003, Schizophrenia Research.

[120]  P. Garety,et al.  Connecting neurosis and psychosis: the direct influence of emotion on delusions and hallucinations. , 2003, Behaviour research and therapy.

[121]  Jun Soo Kwon,et al.  Altered hemispheric asymmetry and positive symptoms in schizophrenia: equivalent current dipole of auditory mismatch negativity , 2003, Schizophrenia Research.

[122]  P. Delespaul,et al.  Independent course of childhood auditory hallucinations: A sequential 3-year follow-up study , 2002, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[123]  T. McGlashan,et al.  Prospective diagnosis of the initial prodrome for schizophrenia based on the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes: preliminary evidence of interrater reliability and predictive validity. , 2002, The American journal of psychiatry.

[124]  J van Os,et al.  The continuity of psychotic experiences in the general population. , 2001, Clinical psychology review.

[125]  Peter G. Morris,et al.  The functional anatomy of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia , 2000, Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging.

[126]  N. Tarrier,et al.  Scales to measure dimensions of hallucinations and delusions: the psychotic symptom rating scales (PSYRATS) , 1999, Psychological Medicine.

[127]  R. Hoffman,et al.  Selective speech perception alterations in schizophrenic patients reporting hallucinated "voices". , 1999, The American journal of psychiatry.

[128]  W. Singer,et al.  Activation of Heschl’s Gyrus during Auditory Hallucinations , 1999, Neuron.

[129]  P. Chadwick,et al.  The omnipotence of voices: testing the validity of a cognitive model , 1997, Psychological Medicine.

[130]  T. Crow Schizophrenia as failure of hemispheric dominance for language. , 1997, Trends in neurosciences.

[131]  T. Dening,et al.  Pseudohallucinations: a conceptual history , 1996, Psychological Medicine.

[132]  G. Berríos,et al.  The History of Mental Symptoms: Descriptive Psychopathology since the Nineteenth Century , 1996 .

[133]  A. David,et al.  The auditory hallucination: a phenomenological survey , 1996, Psychological Medicine.

[134]  C. D. Frith,et al.  Abnormal monitoring of inner speech: a physiological basis for auditory hallucinations , 1995, The Lancet.

[135]  S. Andrews,et al.  Mismatch negativity: An index of a preattentive processing deficit in schizophrenia , 1991, Biological Psychiatry.

[136]  C. Frith,et al.  Towards a Neuropsychology of Schizophrenia , 1988, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[137]  A. Sims Symptoms in the Mind: An Introduction to Descriptive Psychopathology , 1988 .

[138]  J. Junginger,et al.  Self‐Report of the Frequency and Phenomenology of Verbal Hallucinations , 1985, The Journal of nervous and mental disease.

[139]  F. Taylor On pseudo-hallucinations , 1981, Psychological Medicine.

[140]  T. Insel,et al.  Wesleyan University From the SelectedWorks of Charles A . Sanislow , Ph . D . 2010 Research Domain Criteria ( RDoC ) : Toward a New Classification Framework for Research on Mental Disorders , 2018 .

[141]  Simon McCarthy-Jones,et al.  A new phenomenological survey of auditory hallucinations: evidence for subtypes and implications for theory and practice. , 2014, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[142]  F. Oyebode Comprar Sims' Symptoms in the Mind: Textbook of Descriptive Psychopathology, 5th Edition | Femi Oyebode | 9780702055560 | Saunders , 2014 .

[143]  A. Aleman,et al.  Neuroanatomy of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia , 2013 .

[144]  M. Waterman,et al.  Dissociation, trauma, and the role of lived experience: toward a new conceptualization of voice hearing. , 2012, Psychological bulletin.

[145]  Arnaud Cachia,et al.  "Where do auditory hallucinations come from?"--a brain morphometry study of schizophrenia patients with inner or outer space hallucinations. , 2011, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[146]  D. Pins,et al.  Cortical activations during auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia: a coordinate-based meta-analysis. , 2011, The American journal of psychiatry.

[147]  Adrian Preda,et al.  Tuning in to the voices: a multisite FMRI study of auditory hallucinations. , 2009, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[148]  Tyrone D. Cannon,et al.  Prediction of psychosis in youth at high clinical risk: a multisite longitudinal study in North America. , 2008, Archives of general psychiatry.

[149]  L. Todres Embodied Enquiry: Phenomenological Touchstones for Research, Psychotherapy and Spirituality , 2007 .

[150]  P. Chadwick A Cognitive Approach to Auditory Hallucinations , 2006 .

[151]  M. Birchwood,et al.  Psychological pathways to depression in schizophrenia: studies in acute psychosis, post psychotic depression and auditory hallucinations. , 2005, European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience.

[152]  C. Büchel,et al.  Neuroanatomy of "hearing voices": a frontotemporal brain structural abnormality associated with auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. , 2004, Cerebral cortex.

[153]  P. Delespaul,et al.  When does experience of psychosis result in a need for care? A prospective general population study. , 2003, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[154]  M. Garrett,et al.  Auditory hallucinations, source monitoring, and the belief that "voices" are real. , 2003, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[155]  L. S. Vygotskiĭ,et al.  Mind in society : the development of higher psychological processes , 1978 .

[156]  I Feinberg,et al.  Efference copy and corollary discharge: implications for thinking and its disorders. , 1978, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[157]  D. Hubl,et al.  Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Neuroimage Manuscript Draft Title: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Investigations of Functionally Defined Language Areas in Schizophrenia Patients with and without Auditory Hallucinations Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Investigations of Functionally Defined Languag , 2022 .

[158]  Event-related Potentials in Clinical Research: Guidelines for Eliciting, Recording, and Quantifying Mismatch Negativity, P300, and N400 , 2022 .