Tripartite Stakeholder Management during an Enterprise System Implementation: A Processual Perspective

Enterprise System (ES) implementations remain high-risk and technically challenging projects. This is partly due to their socio-technical nature, and in particular, the involvement of multiple internal and external stakeholders. However, the importance of these stakeholders has largely been undermined in ES practice and research. There is thus a need to re-focus attention on the tripartite aspects of stakeholder management: management of stakeholder identification, prioritization and involvement. Furthermore, since stakeholders are not static entities during ES projects, this paper proposes the development of a process model for an in-depth understanding of this stakeholder management process. This paper presents a case study of an ES implementation, and a stakeholder management process model that highlights a pattern of the management of stakeholder identification, prioritization and involvement. This paper then concludes with the theoretical and managerial contributions of this study, and several areas for future research.

[1]  Daniel Robey,et al.  A Social Process Model of User-Analyst Relationships , 1992, MIS Q..

[2]  R. Yin Case Study Research: Design and Methods , 1984 .

[3]  Tony Elliman,et al.  Focus Issue on Legacy Information Systems and Business Process Change: The Role of Stakeholders in Managing Change , 1999, Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[4]  N. Denzin,et al.  Handbook of Qualitative Research , 1994 .

[5]  Jinyoul Lee,et al.  An ERP implementation case study from a knowledge transfer perspective , 2000, J. Inf. Technol..

[6]  Jeanne W. Ross,et al.  Learning to Implement Enterprise Systems: An Exploratory Study of the Dialectics of Change , 2002, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[7]  T. Davenport Putting the enterprise into the enterprise system. , 1998, Harvard business review.

[8]  Henk Akkermans,et al.  Vicious and virtuous cycles in ERP implementation: a case study of interrelations between critical success factors , 2002, Eur. J. Inf. Syst..

[9]  Thomas H. Davenport,et al.  The Future of Enterprise System-Enabled Organizations , 2000, Inf. Syst. Frontiers.

[10]  Erica L. Wagner,et al.  Networks, negotiations, and new times: the implementation of enterprise resource planning into an academic administration , 2003, Inf. Organ..

[11]  E. Burton Swanson,et al.  Emergent maintenance of ERP: new roles and relationships , 2001, J. Softw. Maintenance Res. Pract..

[12]  Elayne Coakes,et al.  Focus issue on legacy information systems and business process engineering: the role of stakeholders in managing change , 1999 .

[13]  Richard A. Wolfe,et al.  How Tight Are the Ties that Bind Stakeholder Groups? , 2002, Organ. Sci..

[14]  Tim Rowley Moving Beyond Dyadic Ties: A Network Theory of Stakeholder Influences , 1997 .

[15]  H. Russell Bernard,et al.  Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches , 2000 .

[16]  Ephraim R. McLean,et al.  Enterprise resource planning and organizational knowledge: patterns of convergence and divergence , 2000, ICIS.

[17]  Gordon R. Foxall,et al.  External moderation of associations among stakeholder orientations and company performance , 1998 .

[18]  Mary Sumner,et al.  Risk factors in enterprise-wide/ERP projects , 2000, J. Inf. Technol..

[19]  Daniel Robey,et al.  Sequential patterns in information systems development: an application of a social process model , 1996, TOIS.

[20]  D. J. Wu,et al.  Investment in Enterprise Resource Planning: Business Impact and Productivity Measures , 2002, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[21]  B. Pentland Building Process Theory with Narrative: from Description to Explanation , 1999 .

[22]  Marguerite Schneider,et al.  A Stakeholder Model of Organizational Leadership , 2002, Organ. Sci..

[23]  Richard E. Boyatzis,et al.  Transforming Qualitative Information: Thematic Analysis and Code Development , 1998 .

[24]  Vicki R. Lane,et al.  A Stakeholder Approach to Organizational Identity , 2000 .

[25]  Philip Powell,et al.  Overcoming stakeholder barriers in the automotive industry: building to order with extra-organizational systems , 2003, J. Inf. Technol..

[26]  Ben Light,et al.  ERP and best of breed: a comparative analysis , 2001, Bus. Process. Manag. J..

[27]  Wanda J. Orlikowski,et al.  Studying Information Technology in Organizations: Research Approaches and Assumptions , 1991, Inf. Syst. Res..

[28]  Sue Newell,et al.  Social Capital in ERP Projects: The Differential Source and Effects of Bridging and Bonding , 2002, ICIS.

[29]  Steve Smithson,et al.  Information systems evaluation as an organizational institution – experience from a case study , 2003, Inf. Syst. J..

[30]  J. T. Lochner The Journal of Defense Software Engineering , 1999 .

[31]  R. Freeman Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach , 2010 .

[32]  Gerald Vinten,et al.  The stakeholder manager , 2000 .

[33]  Michael Rosemann,et al.  Special Issue on the AMCIS 2001 Workshops: Integrating Enterprise Systems in the University Curriculum , 2002, Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[34]  S. Key Toward a new theory of the firm: a critique of stakeholder “theory” , 1999 .

[35]  W. Neuman,et al.  Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches , 2002 .

[36]  Ronald K. Mitchell,et al.  Toward a Theory of Stakeholder Identification and Salience: Defining the Principle of who and What Really Counts , 1997 .

[37]  Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah,et al.  Critical factors for successful implementation of enterprise systems , 2001, Bus. Process. Manag. J..

[38]  Saul A. Rubinstein,et al.  Toward a Stakeholder Theory of the Firm: The Saturn Partnership , 2000 .

[39]  Natalia Levina,et al.  Collaborating on Multi-Party Information Systems Development Projects: A Collective Reflection-in-Action View , 2005, Inf. Syst. Res..

[40]  Rajiv Sabherwal,et al.  Reconciling Variance and Process Strategies for Studying Information System Development , 1995, Inf. Syst. Res..

[41]  Gary Klein,et al.  The Impact of Information System Personnel Skill Discrepancies on Stakeholder Satisfaction , 2003, Decis. Sci..

[42]  David Gefen,et al.  What Makes an ERP Implementation Relationship Worthwhile: Linking Trust Mechanisms and ERP Usefulness , 2004, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[43]  S. Piderit Rethinking Resistance and Recognizing Ambivalence: A Multidimensional View of Attitudes Toward an Organizational Change , 2000 .

[44]  Ben Light,et al.  Exploring Cultural Issues in the Packaged Software Industry: A Usability Perspective , 2005, ECIS.

[45]  Judy E. Scott,et al.  Managing risks in enterprise systems implementations , 2002, CACM.

[46]  Kenneth G. Rau,et al.  Effective Governance of It: Design Objectives, Roles, and Relationships , 2004, Inf. Syst. Manag..

[47]  Frédéric Adam,et al.  Lessons from enterprise resource planning implementations in Ireland – towards smaller and shorter ERP projects , 2000, J. Inf. Technol..

[48]  Shawn L. Berman,et al.  Does Stakeholder Orientation Matter? The Relationship Between Stakeholder Management Models and Firm Financial Performance , 1999 .

[49]  Ronald K. Mitchell,et al.  Who Matters to Ceos? An Investigation of Stakeholder Attributes and Salience, Corpate Performance, and Ceo Values , 1999 .

[50]  Jeff Frooman Stakeholder Influence Strategies , 1999 .

[51]  Gary S. C. Pan Information systems project abandonment: a stakeholder analysis , 2005, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[52]  Jeanne W. Ross,et al.  The ERP Revolution: Surviving vs. Thriving , 2000, Inf. Syst. Frontiers.

[53]  Keng Siau,et al.  Enterprise integration with ERP and EAI , 2003, CACM.

[54]  William R. King,et al.  Antecedents of Knowledge Transfer from Consultants to Clients in Enterprise System Implementations , 2005, MIS Q..

[55]  Michael D. Myers,et al.  A Set of Principles for Conducting and Evaluating Interpretive Field Studies in Information Systems , 1999, MIS Q..

[56]  A. Friedman,et al.  Developing Stakeholder Theory , 2002 .

[57]  C. Hardy,et al.  Discourse and Collaboration: The Role of Conversations and Collective Identity , 2005 .

[58]  M. Clarkson A Stakeholder Framework for Analyzing and Evaluating Corporate Social Performance , 1995 .

[59]  E. Burton Swanson,et al.  Adopting SAP at Siemens Power Corporation , 1998, ICIS.

[60]  I. Jawahar,et al.  Toward a Descriptive Stakeholder Theory: an Organizational Life Cycle Approach , 2001 .

[61]  M. Janson,et al.  Packaged Software: Selection And Implementation Policies , 1996 .

[62]  Tim Rowley,et al.  When Will Stakeholder Groups Act? An Interest- and Identity-Based Model of Stakeholder Group Mobilization , 2003 .

[63]  M. Markus,et al.  The Enterprise System Experience— From Adoption to Success , 2000 .

[64]  L. Preston,et al.  The Stakeholder Theory of the Corporation: Concepts, Evidence, and Implications , 1995 .

[65]  Anastasia Papazafeiropoulou,et al.  Electronic commerce competitiveness in the public sector: the importance of stakeholder involvement , 2002, Int. J. Serv. Technol. Manag..

[66]  Graeme G. Shanks,et al.  A model of ERP project implementation , 2000, J. Inf. Technol..

[67]  Murray E. Jennex,et al.  STAKEHOLDER PROCESS APPROACH TOINFORMATION SYSTEMS EVALUATION , 2002 .

[68]  Ben Light,et al.  A Study of User Involvement in Packaged Software Selection , 2002, ICIS.

[69]  V. Sambamurthy,et al.  PRIOR LITERATURE : CATEGORIZATION Identification of the Relevant Literature Base , 2007 .