3D vs. 4D Ontologies in Enterprise Modeling

This paper presents a comparison between a 3D and a 4D ontology, with the purpose of identifying modeling variations that arise from using these different kinds of ontologies. The modeling variations are illustrated by using two enterprise modeling enigmas to which both ontologies are applied. The goal of our comparison is to demonstrate that the choice of an ontology impacts on the representation of real world phenomena and will eventually result in different enterprise models.

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