Crescimento vegetativo sazonal do cafeeiro e sua relação com fotoperíodo, frutificação, resistência estomática e fotossíntese

The objective of this work was to evaluate seasonal variations in vegetative growth in the coffee plant (Coffea arabica L.), as well as their relationships with photoperiod, fruits removal, photosynthesis and stomatic resistance. The growth of the branches and leaf area decreased from the middle of March on, reaching the lowest rates in May and June, when lowest air temperatures were registered. This growth model was not modified neither by extending the photoperiod up to 14 hours, nor by the removal of the fruits, even though fruitless coffee plants exhibited higher growth rates for branches and leaf areas. No significant difference was observed in the potential photosynthesis depending on the presence of fruits, and the extension of the photoperiod did not affect photosynthetic rates. Potential photosynthetic rates do not explain the decreases in growth. The minimum air temperature was associated to declines in the growth. At 14h, the stomatic resistance assumed relatively high values during the period from the middle of March to the beginning of May, so coinciding with drastic fall in the branch growth and leaf area gain. The initial decline in the vegetative growth can be associated to temperatures around 14oC.

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