Brain tumor grade identification using deep Elman neural network with adaptive fuzzy clustering-based segmentation approach

A brain tumor is a collection of anomalous evolution of harmful and unnecessary nerve cells in the brain. For advanced treatment, it is essential to categorize the tumors from the MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). In this paper, develop the adaptive fuzzy Tsallis entropy (FTE) clustering with the improved cuckoo search optimization (ICS) procedure, and the effective feature selection mechanism is proposed in this paper. Initially, the input MRI is pre-processed using the anisotropic diffusion filter and non-parametric region-based techniques to eliminate noise removal and skull stripping. After that, the tumor regions are segmented using the adaptive FTE clustering method with the ICS algorithm. The robust features are attained using the first-order statistical, discrete wavelet transform (DWT), the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), and intensity histogram. After that, the set of optimal features are selected from the mined features using the black widow optimization (BWO) algorithm in the feature selection (FS) process. Finally, a deep Elman neural network (DENN) structure is utilized to categorize the grade of brain tumor. The suggested approach is simulated using the Matlab environment using the BRATS 2012, BRATS 2019 and BRATS 2020 datasets. The different performances are evaluated, and it is related to other existing classifiers and other approaches. The simulation results verified that the accuracy of developed approach is 99.8% for BRATS 2012, 98.7% for BRATS 2019 and 98% for BRATS 2020 as compared to other classifiers and other existing approaches.

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