Vérification des contraintes temporelles de bout-en-bout dans le contexte AutoSar. (Verification of end-to-end real-time constraints in the context of AutoSar)

Les systemes electroniques embarques dans les vehicules ont une complexite sans cesse croissante. Cependant, il est crucial d'en maitriser le comportement temporel afin de garantir la securite ainsi que le confort des passagers. La verifica- tion des contraintes temporelles de bout-en-bout est donc un enjeu majeur lors de la conception d'un vehicule. Dans le contexte de l'architecture logicielle AUTOSAR standard dans les vehicules, nous decomposons la verification d'une contrainte de bout-en-bout en sous-problemes d'ordonnancement sur les calculateurs et sur les reseaux de communication que nous traitons ensuite separement. Dans un premier temps, nous presentons une approche permettant d'ameliorer l'utilisation des calculateurs executant un grand nombre de composants logiciels, compatible avec l'introduction progressive des plateformes multi-coeurs. Nous de- crivons des algorithmes rapides et efficaces pour lisser la charge periodique sur les calculateurs multi-coeurs en adaptant puis en ameliorant une approche existant pour les bus CAN. Nous donnons egalement des resultats theoriques sur l'efficacite des algorithmes dans certains cas particuliers. Enfin, nous decrivons les possibili- tes d'utilisation de ces algorithmes en fonction des autres tâches executees sur le calculateur. La suite des travaux est consacree a l'etude des distributions de temps de reponse des messages transmis sur les bus CAN. Dans un premier temps nous pre- sentons une approche de simulation basee sur la modelisation des derives d'horloges des calculateurs communicant sur le reseau. Nous montrons que nous obtenons des distributions de temps de reponse similaires en realisant une longue simulation avec des derives d'horloge ou en faisant un grand nombre de courtes simulations sans derives d'horloge. Nous presentons enfin une technique analytique pour evaluer les distributions de temps de reponse des trames CAN. Nous presentons differents para- metres d'approximation permettant de reduire le nombre tres important de calculs a effectuer en limitant la perte de precision. Enfin, nous comparons experimentale- ment les resultats obtenus par analyse et simulation et decrivons les avantages et inconvenients respectifs de ces approches.

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