Stochastic Dosimetry for the Assessment of Children Exposure to Uniform 50 Hz Magnetic Field with Uncertain Orientation

This study focused on the evaluation of the exposure of children aging from five to fourteen years to 50 Hz homogenous magnetic field uncertain orientation using stochastic dosimetry. Surrogate models allowed assessing how the variation of the orientation of the magnetic field influenced the induced electric field in each tissue of the central nervous system (CNS) and in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of children. Results showed that the electric field induced in CNS and PNS tissues of children were within the ICNIRP basic restrictions for general public and that no significant difference was found in the level of exposure of children of different ages when considering 10000 possible orientations of the magnetic field. A “mean stochastic model,” useful to estimate the level of exposure in each tissue of a representative child in the range of age from five to fourteen years, was developed. In conclusion, this study was useful to deepen knowledge about the ELF-MF exposure, including the evaluation of variable and uncertain conditions, thus representing a step towards a more realistic characterization of the exposure to EMF.

[1]  N. Cutland,et al.  On homogeneous chaos , 1991, Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.

[2]  M. Parazzini,et al.  Assessment of Foetal Exposure to the Homogeneous Magnetic Field Harmonic Spectrum Generated by Electricity Transmission and Distribution Networks , 2015, International journal of environmental research and public health.

[3]  Dongbin Xiu,et al.  The Wiener-Askey Polynomial Chaos for Stochastic Differential Equations , 2002, SIAM J. Sci. Comput..

[4]  P. Dimbylow.  Development of the female voxel phantom, NAOMI, and its application to calculations of induced current densities and electric fields from applied low frequency magnetic and electric fields , 2005, Physics in medicine and biology.

[5]  Joe Wiart,et al.  Assessment of Fetal Exposure to 4G LTE Tablet in Realistic Scenarios: Effect of Position, Gestational Age, and Frequency , 2017, IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology.

[6]  C Gabriel,et al.  The dielectric properties of biological tissues: I. Literature survey. , 1996, Physics in medicine and biology.

[7]  N. Wertheimer,et al.  Electrical wiring configurations and childhood cancer. , 1979, American journal of epidemiology.

[8]  P. Dimbylow,et al.  Development of pregnant female, hybrid voxel-mathematical models and their application to the dosimetry of applied magnetic and electric fields at 50 Hz , 2006, Physics in medicine and biology.

[9]  Damijan Miklavčič,et al.  Numerical Assessment of Induced Current Densities for Pregnant Women Exposed to 50 Hz Electromagnetic Field , 2007 .

[10]  V. Cogliano.  International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) , 2018, The Grants Register 2019.

[11]  G. Blatman,et al.  Adaptive sparse polynomial chaos expansions for uncertainty propagation and sensitivity analysis , 2009 .

[12]  Niels Kuster,et al.  Development of a new generation of high-resolution anatomical models for medical device evaluation: the Virtual Population 3.0 , 2014, Physics in medicine and biology.

[13]  Joe Wiart,et al.  Radio-Frequency Human Exposure Assessment: From Deterministic to Stochastic Methods , 2016 .

[14]  K. Jokela,et al.  ICNIRP Guidelines GUIDELINES FOR LIMITING EXPOSURE TO TIME-VARYING , 1998 .

[15]  P Ravazzani,et al.  Exposure assessment of one-year-old child to 3G tablet in uplink mode and to 3G femtocell in downlink mode using polynomial chaos decomposition , 2016, Physics in medicine and biology.

[16]  Stefano Marelli,et al.  UQLab: a framework for uncertainty quantification in MATLAB , 2014 .

[17]  P. Dimbylow,et al.  The effects of body posture, anatomy, age and pregnancy on the calculation of induced current densities at 50 Hz. , 2010, Radiation protection dosimetry.

[18]  N Leitgeb,et al.  Fetal exposure to low frequency electric and magnetic fields , 2007, Physics in medicine and biology.

[19]  I. Sobola,et al.  Global sensitivity indices for nonlinear mathematical models and their Monte Carlo estimates , 2001 .

[20]  C. Gabriel,et al.  Electrical conductivity of tissue at frequencies below 1 MHz , 2009, Physics in medicine and biology.

[21]  Niels Kuster,et al.  Dosimetric study of fetal exposure to uniform magnetic fields at 50 Hz , 2014, Bioelectromagnetics.

[22]  Bruno Sudret,et al.  Global sensitivity analysis using polynomial chaos expansions , 2008, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf..

[23]  E. Neufeld,et al.  Children and adults exposed to low-frequency magnetic fields at the ICNIRP reference levels: theoretical assessment of the induced electric fields , 2012, Physics in medicine and biology.

[24]  John G R Jefferys,et al.  A NEUROBIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR ELF GUIDELINES , 2007, Health physics.

[25]  Bruno Sudret,et al.  Adaptive sparse polynomial chaos expansion based on least angle regression , 2011, J. Comput. Phys..

[26]  Marta Parazzini,et al.  Study of the Influence of the Orientation of a 50-Hz Magnetic Field on Fetal Exposure Using Polynomial Chaos Decomposition , 2015, International journal of environmental research and public health.