Bundled Visualization of DynamicGraph and Trail Data

Depicting change captured by dynamic graphs and temporal paths, or trails, is hard. We present two techniques for simplified visualization of such data sets using edge bundles. The first technique uses an efficient image-based bundling method to create smoothly changing bundles from streaming graphs. The second technique adds edge-correspondence data atop of any static bundling algorithm, and is best suited for graph sequences. We show how these techniques can produce simplified visualizations of streaming and sequence graphs. Next, we show how several temporal attributes can be added atop of our dynamic graphs. We illustrate our techniques with data sets from aircraft monitoring, software engineering, and eye-tracking of static and dynamic scenes.

[1]  Jarke J. van Wijk,et al.  Force‐Directed Edge Bundling for Graph Visualization , 2009, Comput. Graph. Forum.

[2]  Fabian Beck,et al.  On the impact of software evolution on software clustering , 2012, Empirical Software Engineering.

[3]  J. Krygier,et al.  Design, implementation and evaluation of multimedia resources for geography and earth science education , 1997 .

[4]  Kim Marriott,et al.  Integrating Edge Routing into Force-Directed Layout , 2006, GD.

[5]  Jacques Bertin,et al.  Semiologie graphique : les diagrammes les réseaux, les cartes , 1969 .

[6]  Ji Hyun Yang,et al.  Pilot performance: assessing how scan patterns & navigational assessments vary by flight expertise. , 2013, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[7]  Barbara Tversky,et al.  Animation: can it facilitate? , 2002, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[8]  Robert S. Allison,et al.  Pilot gaze and glideslope control , 2010, TAP.

[9]  Alan J. Dix,et al.  A Taxonomy of Clutter Reduction for Information Visualisation , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[10]  Colin Ware,et al.  Motion to support rapid interactive queries on node--link diagrams , 2004, TAP.

[11]  R. McMaster,et al.  Map Generalization: Making Rules for Knowledge Representation , 1991 .

[12]  Armand Navabi,et al.  Graphael: A System for Generalized Force-Directed Layouts , 2004, GD.

[13]  Rolf Zon,et al.  Eye Movements as an Indicator of Situation Awareness in a Flight Simulator Experiment , 2012 .

[14]  Christophe Hurter,et al.  Skeleton-Based Edge Bundling for Graph Visualization , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[15]  Christophe Hurter,et al.  Smooth bundling of large streaming and sequence graphs , 2013, 2013 IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (PacificVis).

[16]  Edward R. Tufte,et al.  Envisioning Information , 1990 .

[17]  Kwan-Liu Ma,et al.  Ambiguity-Free Edge-Bundling for Interactive Graph Visualization , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[18]  Christophe Hurter,et al.  MoleView: An Attribute and Structure-Based Semantic Lens for Large Element-Based Plots , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[19]  A. L. Yarbus,et al.  Eye Movements and Vision , 1967, Springer US.

[20]  Herbert A. Simon,et al.  Why a Diagram is (Sometimes) Worth Ten Thousand Words , 1987 .

[21]  Hong Zhou,et al.  Edge bundling in information visualization , 2013 .

[22]  Thomas F. Shipley,et al.  Creating Perceptually Salient Animated Displays of Spatiotemporal Coordination in Events , 2013 .

[23]  Arzu Çöltekin,et al.  Exploring the efficiency of users' visual analytics strategies based on sequence analysis of eye movement recordings , 2010, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[24]  Nicholas A. Kraft,et al.  Clone evolution: a systematic review , 2011, J. Softw. Evol. Process..

[25]  Romain Bourqui,et al.  3D Edge Bundling for Geographical Data Visualization , 2010, 2010 14th International Conference Information Visualisation.

[26]  Yaniv Frishmany,et al.  Online dynamic graph drawing , 2007 .

[27]  David Eppstein,et al.  Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications Confluent Drawings: Visualizing Non-planar Diagrams in a Planar Way , 2022 .

[28]  B. Tatler,et al.  Yarbus, eye movements, and vision , 2010, i-Perception.

[29]  Hong Zhou,et al.  Controllable and Progressive Edge Clustering for Large Networks , 2006, Graph Drawing.

[30]  Kirk Goldsberry,et al.  Change Blindness in Animated Choropleth Maps: An Empirical Study , 2011 .

[31]  Lucian Voinea,et al.  The Solid* toolset for software visual analytics of program structure and metrics comprehension: From research prototype to product , 2014, Sci. Comput. Program..

[32]  Denis Lalanne,et al.  A Qualitative Study on the Exploration of Temporal Changes in Flow Maps with Animation and Small‐Multiples , 2012, Comput. Graph. Forum.

[33]  Hong Zhou,et al.  Energy-Based Hierarchical Edge Clustering of Graphs , 2008, 2008 IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium.

[34]  P. Hanrahan,et al.  Flow map layout , 2005, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, 2005. INFOVIS 2005..

[35]  Ulrik Brandes,et al.  Drawing trees in a streaming model , 2009, Inf. Process. Lett..

[36]  Peter Eades,et al.  StreamEB: Stream Edge Bundling , 2012, Graph Drawing.

[37]  Jeffrey Heer,et al.  Divided Edge Bundling for Directional Network Data , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[38]  A. L. I︠A︡rbus Eye Movements and Vision , 1967 .

[39]  Gennady Andrienko,et al.  Novel Method to Measure Inference Affordance in Static Small-Multiple Map Displays Representing Dynamic Processes , 2008 .

[40]  Arjan Kuijper,et al.  Visual Analysis of Large Graphs: State‐of‐the‐Art and Future Research Challenges , 2011, Eurographics.

[41]  Herbert A. Simon,et al.  Why a Diagram is (Sometimes) Worth Ten Thousand Words , 1987, Cogn. Sci..

[42]  Romain Bourqui,et al.  Winding Roads: Routing edges into bundles , 2010, Comput. Graph. Forum.

[43]  Larry D. Hostetler,et al.  The estimation of the gradient of a density function, with applications in pattern recognition , 1975, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[44]  Michael Burch,et al.  TimeRadarTrees: Visualizing Dynamic Compound Digraphs , 2008, Comput. Graph. Forum.

[45]  Ayellet Tal,et al.  Online Dynamic Graph Drawing , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[46]  Alexandru Telea,et al.  Eurographics/ Ieee-vgtc Symposium on Visualization 2010 Image-based Edge Bundles: Simplified Visualization of Large Graphs , 2022 .

[47]  Yifan Hu,et al.  Multilevel agglomerative edge bundling for visualizing large graphs , 2011, 2011 IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium.

[48]  Yehuda Koren,et al.  Improved Circular Layouts , 2006, GD.

[49]  Thomas Couronné De la prise d'information visuelle à la formation d'impressions : apports de l'oculométrie pour l'étude des processus de la perception et de la cognition visuelle des objets manufacturés , 2007 .

[50]  Christophe Hurter,et al.  FromDaDy: Spreading Aircraft Trajectories Across Views to Support Iterative Queries , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[51]  Hong Zhou,et al.  Geometry-Based Edge Clustering for Graph Visualization , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[52]  Gennady L. Andrienko,et al.  Composite Density Maps for Multivariate Trajectories , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[53]  Gennady L. Andrienko,et al.  Exploratory analysis of spatial and temporal data - a systematic approach , 2005 .

[54]  Danny Holten,et al.  Hierarchical Edge Bundles: Visualization of Adjacency Relations in Hierarchical Data , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[55]  Sara Irina Fabrikant,et al.  THEMATIC RELEVANCE AND PERCEPTUAL SALIENCE OF DYNAMIC GEOVISUALIZATION DISPLAYS , 2005 .

[56]  Michael Burch,et al.  Timeline trees: visualizing sequences of transactions in information hierarchies , 2008, AVI '08.

[57]  Robert van Liere,et al.  GraphSplatting: Visualizing Graphs as Continuous Fields , 2003, IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph..

[58]  Armand Navabi,et al.  Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications Simultaneous Graph Drawing: Layout Algorithms and Visualization Schemes , 2022 .

[59]  Dorin Comaniciu,et al.  Mean Shift: A Robust Approach Toward Feature Space Analysis , 2002, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[60]  Christophe Hurter,et al.  Graph Bundling by Kernel Density Estimation , 2012, Comput. Graph. Forum.

[61]  Nadir Weibel,et al.  Let's look at the cockpit: exploring mobile eye-tracking for observational research on the flight deck , 2012, ETRA.

[62]  Alexandru Telea,et al.  Code Flows: Visualizing Structural Evolution of Source Code , 2008, Comput. Graph. Forum.