Issues on the Simulation of Geometric Fractures of Bone Models

The simulation of realistic fracture cases on geometric models representing bone structures is almost an unexplored field of research. These fractured models have many applications in computer-assisted methods that support specialist in fracture reduction interventions. For instance, the generation of specific fracture patterns can provide uncommon cases for training simulators or even can be used to improve machine-learning applications. This paper focuses on the issues to be considered in the generation of fractures on geometric models that represent bone structures. The main recent contributions for fracturing geometric models are examined and the challenges in terms of the application of real bone fracture patterns on geometric models are presented. Moreover, different alternatives for the evaluation of the results obtained by the geometric fracture generation algorithms when applied to bone structures are showed. Finally, the potential applications of the virtual generation of specific bone fractures are described.