Factors affecting attitudes and intentions towards knowledge sharing in the Dubai Police Force

Abstract This study contributes to the limited research base on knowledge sharing in public sector organisations, specifically police forces, and organisations in the Middle East through a case study investigation into the factors that affect knowledge sharing in the Dubai Police Force. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted with staff in key departments in the Dubai Police Force. Informed by the literature and by interviews conducted in a previous phase, the core of the questionnaire was a bank of Likert-style questions covering the dependent variables intention to knowledge share, and attitude towards knowledge sharing, and the independent variables, trust, organisational structure, leadership, reward, time, and information technology. Data was analysed using structured equation modelling, in order to test the measurement model using confirmatory factor analysis, and to test the structural model. The structural model suggests a strong relationship between attitude to knowledge sharing, and intention to share knowledge. Hypotheses regarding the influence of leadership, trust, organisational structure, time, and information technology on attitude to knowledge sharing were upheld. Rewards did not to influence attitude to knowledge sharing. Recommendations are offered for practice and further research.

[1]  Wen-ching Chang,et al.  The impact of culture on Chinese employees' work values , 2007 .

[2]  D. McNabb Knowledge management in the public sector: a blueprint for innovation in government , 2007 .

[3]  Rolph E. Anderson,et al.  Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings , 1979 .

[4]  K. M. Bartol,et al.  Empowering Leadership in Management Teams: Effects on Knowledge Sharing, Efficacy, And Performance , 2006 .

[5]  Jennifer E. Rowley,et al.  Knowledge sharing in the Dubai Police Force , 2012, J. Knowl. Manag..

[6]  Morten T. Hansen,et al.  Different knowledge, different benefits: toward a productivity perspective on knowledge sharing in organizations , 2007 .

[7]  Bahaudin G. Mujtaba,et al.  The Business School in the 21st Century and Beyond: Integrating a Knowledge Management Philosophy , 2009 .

[8]  Soonhee Kim,et al.  Employee Knowledge Sharing Capabilities in Public & Private Organizations: Does Organizational Context Matter? , 2005, Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[9]  Jay Liebowitz,et al.  Addressing the Human Capital Crisis in the Federal Government: A Knowledge Management Perspective , 2003 .

[10]  Suliman Al-Hawamdeh,et al.  Knowledge management in the public sector: principles and practices in police work , 2001, J. Inf. Sci..

[11]  Kenneth Husted,et al.  Knowledge-Sharing Hostility in Russian Firms , 2003 .

[12]  Young-Gul Kim,et al.  Breaking the Myths of Rewards: An Exploratory Study of Attitudes about Knowledge Sharing , 2002, Inf. Resour. Manag. J..

[13]  Joanna L. Y. Ho,et al.  The Openness of Knowledge Sharing within Organizations: A Comparative Study of the United States and the People's Republic of China , 2000 .

[14]  Wen-Bao Lin,et al.  The exploration factors of affecting knowledge sharing - The case of Taiwan's high-tech industry , 2008, Expert Syst. Appl..

[15]  M. Sandhu,et al.  Knowledge sharing among public sector employees: evidence from Malaysia , 2011 .

[16]  M. Easterby-Smith,et al.  Working With Pluralism , 2008 .

[17]  P. Bentler,et al.  Significance Tests and Goodness of Fit in the Analysis of Covariance Structures , 1980 .

[18]  Hsiu-Fen Lin,et al.  Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on employee knowledge sharing intentions , 2007, J. Inf. Sci..

[19]  K. Hutchings,et al.  Cultural Embeddedness and Contextual Constraints: Knowledge Sharing in Chinese and Arab Cultures , 2005 .

[20]  Adel Ismail Al-Alawi,et al.  Organizational culture and knowledge sharing: critical success factors , 2007, J. Knowl. Manag..

[21]  David Holman,et al.  The essentials of the new workplace : a guide to the human impact of modern working practices , 2002 .

[22]  Binoy Joseph,et al.  Knowledge Sharing Intentions among IT Professionals in India , 2011, ICISTM.

[23]  Petter Gottschalk,et al.  Knowledge Sharing in Criminal Investigations: An Empirical Study of Norwegian Police as Value Shop , 2006 .

[24]  Andreas Riege,et al.  Three-dozen knowledge-sharing barriers managers must consider , 2005, J. Knowl. Manag..

[25]  Elayne W. Coakes,et al.  Knowledge Management: Current Issues and Challenges , 2003 .

[26]  Mark Easterby-Smith,et al.  Transferring Organizational Learning Systems to Japanese Subsidiaries in China , 2006 .

[27]  I. Ajzen,et al.  Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research , 1977 .

[28]  Gerald Guan Gan Goh,et al.  Key determinants of knowledge sharing in an electronics manufacturing firm in Malaysia , 2011 .

[29]  Lillian V. Ortiz-Fournier,et al.  Overcoming cultural barriers for innovation and knowledge sharing , 2009, J. Knowl. Manag..

[30]  Petter Gottschalk Knowledge Management Systems: Value Shop Creation , 2006 .

[31]  Torsten Ringberg,et al.  Towards a Socio-Cognitive Approach to Knowledge Transfer , 2008 .

[32]  Jing Zhang,et al.  Knowledge sharing in cross-boundary information system development in the public sector , 2006, Inf. Technol. Manag..

[33]  Lim Ying San,et al.  Trust: Facilitator of Knowledge-sharing Culture , 2009 .

[34]  Heeseok Lee,et al.  The Impact of Information Technology and Transactive Memory Systems on Knowledge Sharing, Application, and Team Performance: A Field Study , 2010, MIS Q..

[35]  Charmaine Barreto,et al.  The motivators and effects of formalized knowledge-sharing between employees through knowledge management initiatives: A multi-case study approach , 2002 .

[36]  Robert W. Zmud,et al.  Behavioral Intention Formation in Knowledge Sharing: Examining the Roles of Extrinsic Motivators, Social-Psychological Factors, and Organizational Climate , 2005, MIS Q..

[37]  J. Kratzer,et al.  Is trust really social capital? Knowledge sharing in product development projects , 2006 .

[38]  Judy E. Scott The measurement of information systems effectiveness: evaluating a measuring instrument , 1995, DATB.

[39]  Herbert Robinson,et al.  Governance and Knowledge Management for Public-Private Partnerships , 2010 .

[40]  Annick Willem,et al.  Knowledge sharing in inter-unit cooperative episodes: The impact of organizational structure dimensions , 2009, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[41]  Afzaal H. Seyal,et al.  Determinants of academic use of the Internet: A structural equation model , 2002, Behav. Inf. Technol..

[42]  H. Sabri,et al.  Knowledge management in its context: Adapting structure to a knowledge creating culture , 2005 .

[43]  Jen-te Yang Individual attitudes to learning and sharing individual and organisational knowledge in the hospitality industry , 2009 .

[44]  Gwo-Guang Lee,et al.  Perceptions of senior managers toward knowledge‐sharing behaviour , 2004 .

[45]  Alexandre Ardichvili,et al.  Learning and Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Communities of Practice: Motivators, Barriers, and Enablers , 2008 .

[46]  W. S. Chow,et al.  Social network, social trust and shared goals in organizational knowledge sharing , 2008, Inf. Manag..

[47]  J. H. Dyer,et al.  Creating and managing a high‐performance knowledge‐sharing network: the Toyota case , 2000 .

[48]  Bart van den Hooff,et al.  Managing knowledge sharing: Emergent and engineering approaches , 2009, Inf. Manag..

[49]  Kwok Kee Wei,et al.  What drives continued knowledge sharing? An investigation of knowledge-contribution and -seeking beliefs , 2009, Decis. Support Syst..

[50]  George Stonehouse,et al.  Knowledge management in the Chinese public sector: empirical investigation , 2007 .

[51]  Jae-Hyeon Ahn,et al.  Reward systems for intra-organizational knowledge sharing , 2007, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[52]  G. Anthony Gorry,et al.  Sharing knowledge in the public sector: two case studies , 2008 .

[53]  John K. Butler Trust Expectations, Information Sharing, Climate of Trust, and Negotiation Effectiveness and Efficiency , 1999 .

[54]  Murray E. Jennex,et al.  Case Studies In Knowledge Management , 2005 .

[55]  M. Ipe Knowledge Sharing in Organizations: A Conceptual Framework , 2003 .

[56]  Albert H. Segars,et al.  Strategic Information Systems Planning Success: An Investigation of the Construct and Its Measurement , 1998, MIS Q..

[57]  D. Sandy Staples,et al.  Exploring the effects of trust, task interdependence and virtualness on knowledge sharing in teams , 2008, Inf. Syst. J..

[58]  Leon Mann,et al.  Leadership and trust: Their effect on knowledge sharing and team performance , 2010 .

[59]  Abdul Samad Kazi,et al.  Knowledge management in the construction industry : a socio-technical perspective , 2005 .

[60]  Fytton Rowland,et al.  Knowledge management in a public organization: a study on the relationship between organizational elements and the performance of knowledge transfer , 2004, J. Knowl. Manag..

[61]  Fariborz Damanpour,et al.  Performance implications of organisational structure and knowledge sharing in multinational R&D networks , 2007, Int. J. Technol. Manag..

[62]  Petter Gottschalk,et al.  Occupational culture as determinant of knowledge sharing and performance in police investigations , 2007 .

[63]  C. Fornell,et al.  Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. , 1981 .

[64]  Lin Lu,et al.  Managerial Knowledge Sharing: The Role of Individual, Interpersonal, and Organizational Factors , 2006, Management and Organization Review.

[65]  Siew H. Chan,et al.  Knowledge sharing in Asian public administration sector: the case of Hong Kong , 2007, J. Enterp. Inf. Manag..

[66]  R. Bagozzi,et al.  On the evaluation of structural equation models , 1988 .

[67]  Heike Fischer,et al.  Cultural characteristics of knowledge transfer , 2009, J. Knowl. Manag..

[68]  R. Noe,et al.  Knowledge sharing: A review and directions for future research , 2010 .

[69]  Patrick S. W. Fong,et al.  Chapter 6 – Managing knowledge in project-based professional services firms: an international comparison , 2005 .