Subtle gaze direction

This paper presents a novel technique that combines eye-tracking with subtle image-space modulation to direct a viewer’s gaze about a digital image. We call this paradigm subtle gaze direction. Subtle gaze direction exploits the fact that our peripheral vision has very poor acuity compared to our foveal vision. By presenting brief, subtle modulations to the peripheral regions of the field of view, the technique presented here draws the viewer’s foveal vision to the modulated region. Additionally, by monitoring saccadic velocity and exploiting the visual phenomenon of saccadic masking, modulation is automatically terminated before the viewer’s foveal vision enters the modulated region. Hence, the viewer is never actually allowed to scrutinize the stimuli that attracted her gaze. This new subtle gaze directing technique has potential application in many areas including large scale display systems, perceptually adaptive rendering, and complex visual search tasks.

[1]  Andrew Hollingworth,et al.  Eye Movements During Scene Viewing: An Overview , 1998 .

[2]  H. Collewijn,et al.  Binocular co‐ordination of human horizontal saccadic eye movements. , 1988, The Journal of physiology.

[3]  A. L. Yarbus,et al.  Eye Movements and Vision , 1967, Springer US.

[4]  Derrick J. Parkhurst,et al.  Scene content selected by active vision. , 2003, Spatial vision.

[5]  N. Mackworth,et al.  The gaze selects informative details within pictures , 1967 .

[6]  E. B. Huey The Psychology And Pedagogy Of Reading , 1908 .

[7]  R. Dodge Visual perception during eye movement , 1900 .

[8]  John Dingliana,et al.  Eye movements and interactive graphics , 2003 .

[9]  Worthy N. Martin,et al.  Human-computer interaction using eye-gaze input , 1989, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern..

[10]  R. Miller,et al.  Studies of the optic nerve of the rhesus monkey: nerve fiber spectrum and physiological properties. , 1966, Vision research.

[11]  Heiner Deubel,et al.  The mind's eye : cognitive and applied aspects of eye movement research , 2003 .

[12]  B. Bahrami,et al.  Attentional Load Modulates Responses of Human Primary Visual Cortex to Invisible Stimuli , 2007, Current Biology.

[13]  Jung Hong Chuang Level of Detail for 3D Graphics , 2002 .

[14]  Adam Finkelstein,et al.  Directing gaze in 3D models with stylized focus , 2006, EGSR '06.

[15]  THE ANGLE VELOCITY OF EYE MOVEMENTS , 2004 .

[16]  Silvia Miksch,et al.  Semantic depth of field , 2001, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, 2001. INFOVIS 2001..

[17]  D. Jameson,et al.  An opponent-process theory of color vision. , 1957, Psychological review.

[18]  L. Spillmann,et al.  Visual Perception: The Neurophysiological Foundations , 1989 .

[19]  John Hart,et al.  ACM Transactions on Graphics , 2004, SIGGRAPH 2004.

[20]  Ann McNamara,et al.  Improving search task performance using subtle gaze direction , 2008, APGV '08.

[21]  Douglas DeCarlo,et al.  Stylization and abstraction of photographs , 2002, ACM Trans. Graph..

[22]  D. S. Wooding,et al.  The relationship between the locations of spatial features and those of fixations made during visual examination of briefly presented images. , 1996, Spatial vision.

[23]  M. Barris Vision and Art: The Biology of Seeing , 2005 .

[24]  Joseph H. Goldberg,et al.  Identifying fixations and saccades in eye-tracking protocols , 2000, ETRA.

[25]  Marc Levoy,et al.  Gaze-directed volume rendering , 1990, I3D '90.

[26]  Andrew T Duchowski,et al.  A breadth-first survey of eye-tracking applications , 2002, Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.

[27]  K. Rayner The perceptual span and peripheral cues in reading , 1975, Cognitive Psychology.

[28]  R A Young,et al.  The Gaussian derivative model for spatial vision: I. Retinal mechanisms. , 1988, Spatial vision.