Hybrid value creation: a systematic review of an evolving research area

This systematic review analyses literature on the work of hybrid value creation, i.e. the process of generating additional value by innovatively combining products (tangible component) and services (intangible component). A state of the art report on hybrid value creation is delivered by first systematically identifying and then analyzing 169 publications focusing on hybrid value creation. The identified publications are clustered into eight categories based on their links and interactions and thus a mapping of this evolving field is suggested. A discussion and reflection of the findings with respect to the pervasiveness of literature and the research methodologies used is provided. The paper concludes by identifying some dominant strategic gaps in the overall research landscape and provides directions for future research.ZusammenfassungDas Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Forschung im Bereich hybrider Wertschöpfung zu geben. Hybride Wertschöpfung bezeichnet einen Prozess, bei dem durch innovative Kombination von Produkten (materielle Komponente) und Dienstleistungen (immaterielle Komponente) zusätzliche Werte geschaffen werden. Der aktuelle Stand des Forschungsfeldes wird auf Basis einer systematischen Literaturanalyse präsentiert. Insgesamt werden 169 Publikationen analysiert. Diese lassen sich in acht thematischen Kategorien bündeln. Eine systematische Analyse und Diskussion der grundlegenden Ansätze und Trends in jeder dieser Kategorien liefert ein Gesamtbild des aktuellen Forschungsstandes und zeigt zentrale Forschungslücken. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Ausblick auf die zukünftigen Herausforderungen der hybriden Wertschöpfung und Empfehlungen für zukünftige Forschung.

[1]  W. Sasser,et al.  The service profit chain , 1997 .

[2]  P. Ahmed,et al.  From product innovation to solutions innovation: a new paradigm for competitive advantage , 2000 .

[3]  S. Rocchi,et al.  Enhancing Sustainable Innovation by Design: an Approach to the Co-creation of Economic, Social and Environmental Value , 2005 .

[4]  A. Davies,et al.  Systems Integration: a Core Capability of the Modern Corporation , 2022 .

[5]  Heiner Evanschitzky,et al.  Personal Selling of High-Technology Products: The Solution-Selling Imperative , 2008 .

[6]  Stephen Evans,et al.  Industrialization as a key element of sustainable product-service solutions , 2007 .

[7]  Charles Lockwood,et al.  Building the green way. , 2006, Harvard business review.

[8]  Ralf Leszinski,et al.  Making Profits after the Sale , 1993 .

[9]  Ferdinand Buriánek Vertragsgestaltung bei hybriden Leistungsangeboten , 2009 .

[10]  J. Jespersen,et al.  Reconciling environment and employment by switching from goods to services? A review of danish experience , 1999 .

[11]  Oksana Mont Product-Service Systems: Panacea or Myth? , 2008 .

[12]  Irene C. L. Ng,et al.  Outcome‐based service contracts in the defence industry – mitigating the challenges , 2010 .

[13]  Thomas Magnusson,et al.  From CoPS to mass production? Capabilities and innovation in power generation equipment manufacturing , 2005 .

[14]  O. Mont,et al.  A new business model for baby prams based on easing and product remanufacturing , 2006 .

[15]  E. Hippel,et al.  Lead users: a source of novel product concepts , 1986 .

[16]  Jan Marco Leimeister,et al.  Hybrid Value Creation in the Sports Industry: The Case of a Mobile Sports Companion as IT-Supported Product-Service-Bundle , 2010, Int. J. Inf. Syst. Serv. Sect..

[17]  Sebastian Bonnemeier,et al.  Wertschaffung und Wertaneignung als Erfolgsfaktoren von Lösungsanbietern , 2009 .

[18]  B. Schneider,et al.  A Framework for Analyzing Customer Service Orientations in Manufacturing , 1989 .

[19]  Tamio Arai,et al.  Evaluation of customer satisfaction for PSS design , 2009 .

[20]  Mark Johnson,et al.  Supply chain management for servitised products: A multi-industry case study , 2008 .

[21]  M. Lele,et al.  After‐sales service ‐ necessary evil or strategic opportunity? , 1997 .

[22]  Andrew Davies,et al.  Creating value by delivering integrated solutions , 2005 .

[23]  William F. Maloney Construction Product/Service and Customer Satisfaction , 2002 .

[24]  Murray Sinclair,et al.  Decision‐making systems and the product‐to‐service shift , 2009 .

[25]  Heiko Gebauer,et al.  An Investigation of Antecedents for the Development of Customer Support Services in Manufacturing Companies , 2007 .

[26]  K. Eisenhardt Building theories from case study research , 1989, STUDI ORGANIZZATIVI.

[27]  Elgar Fleisch,et al.  Innovation of product-related services , 2008 .

[28]  O. Mont Institutionalisation of sustainable consumption patterns based on shared use , 2004 .

[29]  Elgar Fleisch,et al.  Success factors for achieving high service revenues in manufacturing companies , 2006 .

[30]  Sigrid Stagl,et al.  The role of social processes for sustainable consumption , 2006 .

[31]  D. Tranfield,et al.  Towards a Methodology for Developing Evidence-Informed Management Knowledge by Means of Systematic Review , 2003 .

[32]  Yee Mey Goh,et al.  Improving reuse of in‐service information capture and feedback , 2009 .

[33]  A. Samli,et al.  What presale and postsale services do you need to be competitive , 1992 .

[34]  Christian Homburg,et al.  Erfolgreiche Umsetzung dienstleistungsorientierter Strategien von Industriegüterunternehmen , 2002 .

[35]  M. Hobday Product complexity, innovation and industrial organisation , 1998 .

[36]  Johann C.K.H. Riedel,et al.  The PSO triangle: designing product, service and organisation to create value , 2009 .

[37]  A. Davies,et al.  Charting a path toward integrated solutions , 2006 .

[38]  Christophe Midler,et al.  The launch of innovative product-related services: Lessons from automotive telematics , 2009 .

[39]  Viktor Hiort af Ornäs,et al.  Consumer acceptance of product-service systems - Designing for relative advantages and uncertainty reductions , 2009 .

[40]  Christian Grönroos,et al.  Adopting a service logic in manufacturing: Conceptual foundation and metrics for mutual value creation , 2010 .

[41]  A. Dainty,et al.  Integrating products and services through life: an aerospace experience , 2009 .

[42]  R. Wise,et al.  Go Downstream: The New Profit Imperative in Manufacturing , 1999 .

[43]  Jan C. Aurich,et al.  Configuration of product‐service systems , 2009 .

[44]  A. Davies,et al.  Organizing for solutions: systems seller vs systems integrator , 2007 .

[45]  A. Dainty,et al.  In search of ‘product-service’: evidence from aerospace, construction, and engineering , 2008 .

[46]  Ralf Reichwald,et al.  Erlösmodellgestaltung bei hybriden Produkten , 2008 .

[47]  N. Agrawal,et al.  Winning in the aftermarket , 2006 .

[48]  N. Franke,et al.  Value Creation by Toolkits for User Innovation and Design: The Case of the Watch Market , 2004 .

[49]  T. Friedli,et al.  Behavioral implications of the transition process from products to services , 2005 .

[50]  A. Salter,et al.  Exploring the capital goods economy: complex product systems in the UK , 2004 .

[51]  Nicola Morelli,et al.  Designing Product/Service Systems: A Methodological Exploration1 , 2002, Design Issues.

[52]  Flavius Sturm,et al.  Investitionsgüterhersteller als Anbieter industrieller Lösungen – Bestandsaufnahme des Wandels anhand einer Umfrage , 2008, Wirtsch..

[53]  Minna Halme,et al.  Sustainability evaluation of European household services , 2006 .

[54]  Thomas Lindhqvist,et al.  The role of public policy in advancement of product service systems , 2003 .

[55]  D. Gann,et al.  Innovation in project-based, service-enhanced firms: the construction of complex products and systems , 2000 .

[56]  Oksana Mont,et al.  Reducing life cycle environmental impacts through systems of joint use , 2004 .

[57]  A. Davies,et al.  Organisational capabilities and learning in complex product systems: towards repeatable solutions , 2000 .

[58]  Rob Docters,et al.  Bundles with sharp teeth: effective product combinations , 2006 .

[59]  Stefan Stremersch,et al.  The purchasing of full-service contracts: An exploratory study within the industrial maintenance market , 2001 .

[60]  James A. Narus,et al.  Capturing the value of supplementary services , 1995 .

[61]  Stephen W. Brown,et al.  Manufacturers forming successful complex business services , 2008 .

[62]  Yuichi Moriguchi,et al.  A quantitative method to evaluate the level of material use in lease/reuse systems of electrical and electronic equipment , 2006 .

[63]  D. Maxwell,et al.  Developing sustainable products and services , 2003 .

[64]  Timo Ala-Risku,et al.  Challenges for going downstream , 2005 .

[65]  Jan Olhager,et al.  Industrial service profiling : Matching service offerings and processes , 2004 .

[66]  Ronald Gleich,et al.  Benefits and uncertainties of performance‐based contracting in manufacturing industries , 2010 .

[67]  R. Roy Sustainable product-service systems , 2000 .

[68]  G. Lay,et al.  The relevance of service in European manufacturing industries , 2010 .

[69]  Rogelio Oliva,et al.  Managing the transition from products to services , 2003, International Journal of Service Industry Management.

[70]  Michael Hobday,et al.  Technology management in complex product systems (CoPS) - ten questions answered , 1999 .

[71]  E. Fleisch,et al.  Overcoming the Service Paradox in Manufacturing Companies , 2005 .

[72]  Karen Lee Hansen,et al.  Hotspots in complex product systems: emerging issues in innovation management , 1998 .

[73]  Günther Schuh,et al.  Schuh et al., Preisfindungsprozess für Leistungssysteme im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau , 2008 .

[74]  Paul Matthyssens,et al.  Moving from basic offerings to value-added solutions: Strategies, barriers and alignment , 2008 .

[75]  R. Meijkamp Changing consumer behaviour through eco‐efficient services: an empirical study of car sharing in the Netherlands , 1998 .

[76]  G. Tellis,et al.  Strategic Bundling of Products and Prices: A New Synthesis for Marketing , 2002 .

[77]  Oksana Mont,et al.  Drivers and barriers for shifting towards more service-oriented businesses: Analysis of the PSS field and contributions from Sweden , 2002 .

[78]  P. Matthyssens,et al.  Service addition as business market strategy: identification of transition trajectories , 2010 .

[79]  Yvonne Ward,et al.  Through-life management: the provision of total customer solutions in the aerospace industry , 2007, Int. J. Serv. Technol. Manag..

[80]  Esko Penttinen,et al.  Improving firm positioning through enhanced offerings and buyer–seller relationships , 2007 .

[81]  Nicola Morelli,et al.  Service as value co‐production: reframing the service design process , 2009 .

[82]  A. Neely Exploring the financial consequences of the servitization of manufacturing , 2008 .

[83]  E. Berggren,et al.  Introducing new products can be hazardous to your company: use the right new-solution delivery tools , 2002 .

[84]  P. Dobers,et al.  Eco-efficiency and dematerialization: Scenarios for new industrial logics in recycling industries, automobile and household appliances , 1999 .

[85]  Christian Berggren,et al.  Manufacturing firms and integrated solutions: characteristics and implications , 2004 .

[86]  M. Rese,et al.  Which industrial product service system fits best , 2009 .

[87]  R. Schmenner Manufacturing, service, and their integration: some history and theory , 2009 .

[88]  Dominik Walcher,et al.  Toolkits for Idea Competitions: A Novel Method to Integrate Users in New Product Development , 2006 .

[89]  E. Fleisch,et al.  Exploitation or exploration in service business development? : Insights from a dynamic capabilities perspective , 2010 .

[90]  Andy Williams,et al.  Product-service systems in the automotive industry: the case of micro-factory retailing , 2006 .

[91]  Graham Thompson,et al.  The design of functional (total care) products , 2004 .

[92]  Franz Prettenthaler,et al.  From ownership to service use lifestyle: the potential of car sharing , 1999 .

[93]  D. A. Horne,et al.  Restructuring towards a Service Orientation: The Strategic Challenges , 1992 .

[94]  S. Balasubramanian,et al.  Creating Growth With Services , 2004 .

[95]  C. Raddats,et al.  Services growth options for B2B product-centric businesses , 2010 .

[96]  Peter Loos,et al.  Product-Service Systems: Konstruktion und Anwendung einer Entwicklungsmethodik , 2008, Wirtschaftsinf..

[97]  Nicolette Lakemond,et al.  Linköping University Post Print Integrated solutions from a service-centered perspective: Applicability and limitations in the capital goods industry , 2010 .

[98]  Anthony Rn,et al.  Making sense of nonbusiness accounting. , 1980 .

[99]  Ruud T. Frambach,et al.  Pro-active product service strategies: An application in the European health market , 1997 .

[100]  Stuart D. Green,et al.  Living up to the value agenda: the empirical realities of through‐life value creation in construction , 2009 .

[101]  Andrew Davies,et al.  Building Project Capabilities: From Exploratory to Exploitative Learning , 2004 .

[102]  Nicola Morelli,et al.  Developing new product service systems (PSS): methodologies and operational tools , 2006 .

[103]  Dieter Ahlert,et al.  Instrumente zur Quantifizierung des Kundennutzens als Basis für die Preisfindung bei hybriden Produkten , 2008 .

[104]  Carlo Vezzoli,et al.  The role of public policy in stimulating radical environmental impact reduction in the automotive sector: the need to focus on product-service system innovation , 2010 .

[105]  Stephen W. Brown,et al.  Forming Successful Business-to-Business Services in Goods-Dominant Firms , 2005 .

[106]  Saara A. Brax,et al.  Developing integrated solution offerings for remote diagnostics: A comparative case study of two manufacturers , 2009 .

[107]  Michael Schermann,et al.  Systematische Überführung von kundenspezifischen IT-Lösungen in integrierte Produkt-Dienstleistungsbausteine mit der SCORE-Methode , 2008, Wirtschaftsinf..

[108]  Ralf Knackstedt,et al.  Entwicklung Serviceorientierter Architekturen zur Integration von Produktion und Dienstleistung – Eine Konzeptionsmethode und ihre Anwendung am Beispiel des Recyclings elektronischer Geräte , 2008, Wirtschaftsinf..

[109]  Ezio Manzini,et al.  A strategic design approach to develop sustainable product service systems: examples taken from the ‘environmentally friendly innovation’ Italian prize , 2003 .

[110]  Christine Jasch,et al.  Sustainable homeservices?Toward household services that enhance ecological, social and economic sustainability , 2004 .

[111]  Nicolette Lakemond,et al.  Developing integrated solutions: The importance of relationships within the network , 2006 .

[112]  Gerd Scholl,et al.  New concepts in product use for sustainable consumption , 2003 .

[113]  Jörg Becker,et al.  The challenge of conceptual modeling for product–service systems: status-quo and perspectives for reference models and modeling languages , 2010, Inf. Syst. E Bus. Manag..

[114]  Ronald Gleich,et al.  Clarifying the concept of performance‐based contracting in manufacturing industries , 2010 .

[115]  Jay R. Galbraith,et al.  The problem of solutions: Balancing clients and capabilities , 2002 .

[116]  S. Vandermerwe,et al.  Servitization of business : Adding value by adding services , 1988 .

[117]  Graham Thompson,et al.  A rapid design process for Total Care Product creation , 2006 .

[118]  Markku Anttonen,et al.  Greening from the front to the back door? A typology of chemical and resource management services , 2008 .

[119]  B. Edvardsson,et al.  Service business development in small and medium capital goods manufacturing companies , 2010 .

[120]  M. Hobday,et al.  Innovation in Complex Systems Industries: the Case of Flight Simulation , 1995 .

[121]  Jay R. Galbraith Organizing to Deliver Solutions , 2002 .

[122]  A. Prencipe,et al.  Configuring Capabilities for Integrated Solutions: Evidence from the IT Sector , 2008 .

[123]  C. Clarke‐Hill,et al.  Differentiation through Service: A Perspective from the Commodity Chemicals Sector , 2002 .

[124]  L. Araujo,et al.  Services, products, and the institutional structure of production , 2006 .

[125]  B. Edvardsson,et al.  Match or Mismatch: Strategy-Structure Configurations in the Service Business of Manufacturing Companies , 2010 .

[126]  Robert W. Palmatier,et al.  Effect of Service Transition Strategies on Firm Value , 2008 .

[127]  Fred Phillips,et al.  THE PRODUCT IS DEAD: LONG LIVE THE PRODUCT-SERVICE! , 1999 .

[128]  Tracy Bhamra,et al.  The transfer and application of Product Service Systems: from academia to UK manufacturing firms , 2006 .

[129]  Jan C. Aurich,et al.  Life cycle oriented design of technical Product-Service Systems , 2006 .

[130]  E. Berggren,et al.  Introducing new products can be hazardous to your company: use the right new-solution delivery tools , 2001, IEEE Engineering Management Review.

[131]  Peter P. Groenewegen,et al.  Eco-efficient producer services—what are they, how do they benefit customers and the environment and how likely are they to develop and be extensively utilised? , 2003 .

[132]  Andrew Davies,et al.  Can integrated solutions business models work in construction? , 2005 .

[133]  Jay R. Galbraith,et al.  Making Solutions the Answer , 2001 .

[134]  Gertrud Schmitz,et al.  Der wahrgenommene Wert hybrider Produkte: Konzeptionelle Grundlagen und Komponenten , 2008, Multikonferenz Wirtschaftsinformatik.

[135]  R. B. Chase,et al.  The Service Factory , 1988 .

[136]  Winifred Ijomah,et al.  Product design for product/service systems: design experiences from Swedish industry , 2009 .

[137]  Saara A. Brax,et al.  Comparing provider‐customer constellations of visibility‐based service , 2010 .

[138]  Véronique Malleret Value Creation through Service Offers , 2006 .

[139]  A. Neely,et al.  Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence , 2004 .

[140]  Tim Baines,et al.  Towards an operations strategy for product-centric servitization , 2009 .

[141]  Ajay K. Kohli,et al.  Rethinking Customer Solutions: From Product Bundles to Relational Processes , 2007 .

[142]  Oksana Mont,et al.  Clarifying the Concept of Product-Service System , 2002 .

[143]  G. A. P. Hardstone,et al.  Capabilities, Structures and Strategies Re-Examined: Incumbent Firms and the Emergence of Complex Product Systems (CoPS) in Mature Industries , 2004, Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manag..

[144]  A. Davies Moving base into high-value integrated solutions: a value stream approach , 2004 .

[145]  Andrew Davies,et al.  Policies for a complex product system , 1998 .

[146]  Elgar Fleisch,et al.  Exploring the Effect of Cognitive Biases on Customer Support Services , 2008 .

[147]  Ian Gilham,et al.  Predictive Medicine: Potential Benefits from the Integration of Diagnostics and Pharmaceuticals , 2001 .

[148]  Nicola Morelli,et al.  Product-service systems, a perspective shift for designers: A case study: the design of a telecentre , 2003 .

[149]  Matthew B. Miles,et al.  Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook , 1994 .

[150]  Kathrin M. Möslein Der Markt für Managementwissen , 2005 .

[151]  Rajkumar Roy,et al.  Technical product‐service systems: some implications for the machine tool industry , 2009 .

[152]  Lia Krucken,et al.  Building stakeholder networks to develop and deliver product-service-systems: practical experiences on elaborating pro-active materials for communication ☆ , 2006 .

[153]  Fredrik Nordin,et al.  Solutions Offerings: A Critical Review and Reconceptualisation , 2010 .

[154]  Katrin Besch,et al.  Product Service Systems for Office Furniture Barriers and Opportunities on the European Market , 2005 .

[155]  E. Roegner,et al.  Putting a Price on Solutions , 2001 .

[156]  Dieter Ahlert,et al.  Ahlert et al., Instrumente zur Quantifizierung des Kundennutzens , 2008 .

[157]  Valérie Mathieu,et al.  Service strategies within the manufacturing sector: benefits, costs and partnership , 2001 .

[158]  Stefano Brusoni,et al.  Exploring the miracle: strategy and management of the knowledge base in the aeronautics industry , 2007 .

[159]  Kathrin M. Moeslein,et al.  Interaktive hybride Wertschöpfung als Innovationsstrategie , 2007 .

[160]  Pj Clarkson,et al.  Development of a product audit tool , 2006 .

[161]  William R. Sheate,et al.  Functional and systems aspects of the sustainable product and service development approach for industry , 2006 .

[162]  Elgar Fleisch,et al.  Service strategies in product manufacturing companies , 2007 .

[163]  Gregor Zellner,et al.  Gestaltung hybrider Wertschöpfung mittels Architekturen – Analyse am Beispiel des Business Engineering , 2008, Wirtschaftsinf..

[164]  Andreas Hartmann,et al.  The innovation potential of integrated services and its utilisation through co‐operation , 2004 .

[165]  A. Tukker Eight types of product–service system: eight ways to sustainability? Experiences from SusProNet , 2004 .

[166]  Stan Maklan,et al.  The role of brands in a service-dominated world , 2007 .