Tyrosinase: a comprehensive review of its mechanism.

[1]  E. Rosengren,et al.  Melanin-related biochemistry of IGR 1 human melanoma cells. , 1991, Melanoma research.

[2]  T. Sarna,et al.  Tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of dopa and related catechol(amine)s: a kinetic electron spin resonance investigation using spin-stabilization and spin label oximetry. , 1987, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[3]  F. García-Carmona,et al.  Hysteresis of mushroom tyrosinase: Lag period of cresolase activity , 1981 .

[4]  H. Ton-that,et al.  The crystal structure of the oxygenated form of Limulus polyphemus subunit II hemocyanin. , 1992 .

[5]  R. Tripathi,et al.  pH-dependent interconversion of two forms of tyrosinase in human skin. , 1988, The Biochemical journal.

[6]  F. García-Carmona,et al.  The role of pH in the melanin biosynthesis pathway. , 1982, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[7]  S. Osaki The mechanism of tyrosine oxidation by mushroom tyrosinase. , 1963, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[8]  M. Miranda,et al.  Inhibition of tyrosinase by indole compounds and reaction products. Protection by albumin. , 1979, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[9]  Pawelek Jm,et al.  The biosynthesis of mammalian melanin. , 1982 .

[10]  R. Varón,et al.  Analysis of a kinetic model for melanin biosynthesis pathway. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[11]  F. García-Carmona,et al.  Kinetic study of the pathway of melanizationn between l-dopa and dopachrome , 1982 .

[12]  A. Cimini,et al.  Restriction patterns of model DNA treated with 5,6-dihydroxyindole, a potent cytotoxic intermediate of melanin synthesis: effect of u.v. irradiation. , 1987, Mutagenesis.

[13]  Alfred M. Mayer,et al.  Polyphenol oxidases in plants. Recent progress , 1986 .

[14]  N. Smit,et al.  Determination of catechol O-methyltransferase activity in relation to melanin metabolism using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. , 1990, Analytical biochemistry.

[15]  J. Pawelek,et al.  Mammalian tyrosinase catalyzes three reactions in the biosynthesis of melanin. , 1982, Science.

[16]  F. García-Carmona,et al.  Partial purification of a thylakoid-bound enzyme using temperature-induced phase partitioning. , 1990, Analytical biochemistry.

[17]  F. García-Carmona,et al.  Triton ×-114 as a tool for purifying spinach polyphenol oxidase , 1989 .

[18]  H. S. Mason,et al.  Reactivity of oxytyrosinase toward substrates. , 1973, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[19]  E. Solomon,et al.  Substrate analogue binding to the coupled binuclear copper active site in tyrosinase , 1985 .

[20]  R. Varón,et al.  Kinetic characterization of dopamine as a suicide substrate of tyrosinase. , 1987, Journal of enzyme inhibition.

[21]  T. Schultz,et al.  Structural modifications in biosynthetic melanins induced by metal ions. , 1988, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[22]  R. Varón,et al.  Transient-phase kinetics of enzyme inactivation induced by suicide substrates. , 1987, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[23]  F. García-Cánovas,et al.  Tyrosinase: kinetic analysis of the transient phase and the steady state. , 1994, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[24]  N. Tolbert Activation of polyphenol oxidase of chloroplasts. , 1973, Plant physiology.

[25]  E. Solomon,et al.  Ultraviolet resonance Raman study of oxytyrosinase. Comparison with oxyhemocyanins , 1978 .

[26]  V. Hearing,et al.  Mammalian tyrosinase. A comparison of tyrosine hydroxylation and melanin formation. , 1976, The Biochemical journal.

[27]  E. Solomon,et al.  Chemical and spectroscopic studies of the binuclear copper active site of Neurospora tyrosinase: comparison to hemocyanins , 1980 .

[28]  E. Solomon,et al.  Electronic structure contributions to function in bioinorganic chemistry. , 1993, Science.

[29]  M. d’Ischia,et al.  Effect of metal ions on the kinetics of tyrosine oxidation catalysed by tyrosinase. , 1985, The Biochemical journal.

[30]  S. Pomerantz,et al.  3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine as the tyrosinase cofactor. Occurrence in melanoma and binding constant. , 1967, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[31]  H. Raper THE AEROBIC OXIDASES , 1928 .

[32]  R. Rosset,et al.  Étude electrochimique de l'oxydation de la dihydroxy-3,4 phénylalanine (Dopa) , 1974 .

[33]  F. G. Carmona,et al.  A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of cresolase activity of epidermis tyrosinase. , 1979, Analytical biochemistry.

[34]  R. Varón,et al.  Oxygen Michaelis constants for tyrosinase. , 1993, The Biochemical journal.

[35]  H. S. Mason,et al.  OXYGEN TRANSFER AND ELECTRON TRANSPORT BY THE PHENOLASE COMPLEX1 , 1955 .

[36]  H. S. Mason,et al.  Identification by electron spin resonance spectroscopy of the primary product of tyrosinase-catalyzed catechol oxidation. , 1961, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[37]  R. Varón,et al.  Kinetic study on the suicide inactivation of tyrosinase induced by catechol. , 1987, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[38]  F. García-Carmona,et al.  Enzymatic oxidation by frog epidermis tyrosinase of 4-methylcatechol and p-cresol. Influence of L-serine. , 1987, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[39]  R. Tripathi,et al.  pH-dependent interconvertible forms of mushroom tyrosinase with different kinetic properties. , 1989, Pigment cell research.

[40]  M. Sugumaran,et al.  Quinone methide as a new intermediate in eumelanin biosynthesis. , 1991, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[41]  F. García-Cánovas,et al.  Effect of ferrous ions on the monophenolase activity of tyrosinase. , 1993, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[42]  T. Fitzpatrick,et al.  Biochemistry of melanin formation. , 1950, Physiological reviews.

[43]  G. Prota Recent advances in the chemistry of melanogenesis in mammals. , 1980, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[44]  F. García-Carmona,et al.  Substrate-dependent activation of latent potato leaf polyphenol oxidase by anionic surfactants , 1993 .

[45]  P. Riley,et al.  Oxidation of monohydric phenol substrates by tyrosinase. An oximetric study. , 1992, The Biochemical journal.

[46]  R. Varón,et al.  Catalytic oxidation of 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine by tyrosinase: identification and evolution of intermediates. , 1992, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[47]  F. Solano,et al.  The role of sulfhydryl compounds in mammalian melanogenesis: the effect of cysteine and glutathione upon tyrosinase and the intermediates of the pathway. , 1988, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[48]  F. Solano,et al.  Regulation of mammalian melanogenesis. I: Partial purification and characterization of a dopachrome converting factor: dopachrome tautomerase. , 1990, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[49]  S. Anjaiah,et al.  pH of melanosomes of B 16 murine melanoma is acidic: its physiological importance in the regulation of melanin biosynthesis. , 1993, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[50]  J. Pawelek Dopachrome conversion factor functions as an isomerase. , 1990, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[51]  P. Riley Mechanistic aspects of the control of tyrosinase activity. , 1993, Pigment cell research.

[52]  Thomas B. Fitzpatrick,et al.  Dermatology in general medicine , 1971 .

[53]  B. Wood,et al.  Labelled Tyrosinase from Labelled Substrate , 1965, Nature.

[54]  G. Prota Progress in the chemistry of melanins and related metabolites , 1988, Medicinal research reviews.

[55]  F. García-Carmona,et al.  Chemical and enzymatic oxidation of 4-methylcatechol in the presence and absence of L-serine. Spectrophotometric determination of intermediates. , 1987, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[56]  E. Valero,et al.  Characterization of Polyphenol Oxidase from Airen Grapes , 1988 .

[57]  L. Ingraham Variation of the Michaelis Constant in Polyphenol Oxidase Catalyzed Oxidations: Substrate Structure and Concentration , 1957 .

[58]  F. García-Carmona,et al.  A kinetic study of the melanization pathway between L-tyrosine and dopachrome. , 1987, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[59]  Alfred M. Mayer,et al.  Polyphenol oxidases in plants , 1979 .

[60]  H. Duckworth,et al.  Physicochemical and kinetic properties of mushroom tyrosinase. , 1970, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[61]  C. R. Dawson,et al.  ON THE PATHWAY OF THE CATECHOL‐TYROSINASE REACTION , 1963 .

[62]  M. d’Ischia,et al.  Effect of metal ions on the rearrangement of dopachrome. , 1987, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[63]  F. García-Carmona,et al.  A kinetic study of the suicide inactivation of an enzyme measured through coupling reactions. Application to the suicide inactivation of tyrosinase. , 1989, The Biochemical journal.

[64]  P. Jeffs,et al.  The role of 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine in melanin biosynthesis. , 1977, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[65]  E. Valero,et al.  Effect of l-proline on mushroom tyrosinase , 1988 .

[66]  S. Pomerantz The tyrosine hydroxylase activity of mammalian tyrosinase. , 1966, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[67]  S. Burrows,et al.  Monoclonal antibody against a melanosomal protein in melanotic and amelanotic human melanoma cells. , 1989, Pigment cell research.

[68]  F. García-Carmona,et al.  Novel procedure for extraction of a latent grape polyphenoloxidase using temperature-induced phase separation in triton x-114. , 1989, Plant physiology.

[69]  V. Hearing,et al.  Enzymatic control of pigmentation in mammals , 1991, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[70]  R. Varón,et al.  Kinetic study in the transient phase of the suicide inactivation of frog epidermis tyrosinase. , 1988, Biophysical chemistry.

[71]  K. Rosenzweig,et al.  Molecular cascades in UV-induced melanogenesis: a central role for melanotropins? , 1992, Pigment cell research.

[72]  F. García-Carmona,et al.  Partial purification of soluble potato polyphenol oxidase by partitioning in an aqueous two-phase system , 1993 .

[73]  J. Pawelek,et al.  Dopachrome conversion: a possible control point in melanin biosynthesis. , 1980, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[74]  F. García-Carmona,et al.  Characterization of catecholase and cresolase activities of monastrell grape polyphenol oxidase , 1988 .

[75]  E. Land,et al.  A pulse radiolysis investigation of the oxidation of indolic melanin precursors: evidence for indolequinones and subsequent intermediates. , 1989, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[76]  V. Hearing,et al.  Mammalian tyrosinase--the critical regulatory control point in melanocyte pigmentation. , 1987, The International journal of biochemistry.

[77]  H. S. Mason Structures and Functions of the Phenolase Complex , 1956, Nature.