Bacterial Plasmids

rule, muscle and epithelial tissue were the least well preserved. From Czechoslovakia came a paper by Eugen Strouhal and Lubos Vyhnanek (Naprstek Museum and Charles University, Prague, Czechoslovakia). Their indirect methods for dating ancient Egyptian mummies are based on dating coffins by shape, decoration, paleography, and evaluation of the name of the deceased person. There are many examples, however, in which the results are not consistent because the mummy could have been displaced after the removal of the coffin from the tomb. Only direct methods can yield better results. The most widely used one consists in dating according to the changes in mummification techniques. More accurate modern dating methods are based on the carbon-14 treatment, in which either the fleshy remains or bone collagen is used. The former procedure, however, does not yield good results because of impurities from mummification stuffs which are not easily removable, and the latter requires sacrificing a larger part of skeleton; this today, from the museological point of view, does not seem to be justified. Robin A. Barraco (Wayne State University School of Medicine) discussed the results of his search for intact protein in mummy tissue. Desiccated tissue samples were taken from two Egyptian mummies. The samples consisted of heart tissue, a strip of of abdominus rectus, and a section of neck tissue. The presence of proteinogenous material in the extracted samples