Family history of diabetes, autoimmunity, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease among children with diabetes in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study

Background:  While type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are considered etiologically distinct, mixed features of autoimmunity and insulin resistance are increasingly common. We explored a familial contribution to this admixture by evaluating diabetes family history (FH) and its relationship to diabetes type, ethnicity, age at diagnosis, and cardiovascular risk factors in SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study participants.

[1]  J. Ilonen,et al.  A comparison of childhood and adult type I diabetes mellitus. , 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

[2]  M. Metcalfe,et al.  Family characteristics and insulin dependent diabetes. , 1992, Archives of disease in childhood.

[3]  E. Roche,et al.  Clinical presentation of type 1 diabetes , 2005, Pediatric diabetes.

[4]  C. Greenbaum,et al.  Autoimmunity and clinical course in children with type 1, type 2, and type 1.5 diabetes. , 2005, Journal of autoimmunity.

[5]  J. Hokanson,et al.  Relationship of family history of type 2 diabetes, hypoglycemia, and autoantibodies to weight gain and lipids with intensive and conventional therapy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. , 2003, Diabetes.

[6]  M. Palta,et al.  Risk of Diabetes in Siblings and Other Relatives of IDDM Subjects , 1991, Diabetes.

[7]  A. Green,et al.  Concordance rates of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: a population based study of young Danish twins , 1995, BMJ.

[8]  D. Wagener,et al.  The Pittsburgh Study of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Risk for Diabetes Among Relatives of IDDM , 1982, Diabetes.

[9]  G. Holmgren,et al.  The epidemiology of diabetes in Swedish children 0–14 years — a six-year prospective study , 1985, Diabetologia.

[10]  J. Ilonen,et al.  Autoantibodies associated with Type I diabetes mellitus persist after diagnosis in children , 1998, Diabetologia.

[11]  I. Jefferson,et al.  Insulin dependent diabetes in under 5 year olds. , 1985, Archives of disease in childhood.

[12]  Michael M. Engelgau,et al.  Type 2 diabetes among North adolescents: An epidemiologic health perspective , 2000 .

[13]  M. Cradock,et al.  Characteristics of youth-onset noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus at diagnosis. , 1997, Pediatrics.

[14]  C. Peckham,et al.  INCIDENCE OF INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES IN THE FIRST SIXTEEN YEARS OF LIFE , 1977, The Lancet.

[15]  T. M. Hayes,et al.  Register of newly diagnosed diabetic children. , 1975, British medical journal.

[16]  R. Hanson,et al.  Increasing prevalence of Type II diabetes in American Indian children , 1998, Diabetologia.

[17]  D. Bowen,et al.  Family history of diabetes as a potential public health tool. , 2003, American journal of preventive medicine.

[18]  J. Köbberling,et al.  Age-Corrected Empirical Genetic Risk Estimates for First-Degree Relatives of IDDM Patients , 1987, Diabetes.

[19]  D. Duquette,et al.  Family History, Diabetes, and Other Demographic and Risk Factors Among Participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002 , 2005, Preventing chronic disease.

[20]  V. Anderson,et al.  Empirical Risk for Insulin-dependent Diabetes (IDD) in Sibs: Further Definition of Genetic Heterogeneity , 1982, Diabetes.

[21]  L S Geiss,et al.  Type 2 diabetes among North American children and adolescents: an epidemiologic review and a public health perspective. , 2000, The Journal of pediatrics.

[22]  T. Ogihara,et al.  Common genetic basis between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus indicated by interview-based assessment of family history. , 2004, Diabetes research and clinical practice.

[23]  D. Becker,et al.  Coexistence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: “double” diabetes? , 2003, Pediatric diabetes.

[24]  SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth: a multicenter study of the prevalence, incidence and classification of diabetes mellitus in youth. , 2004, Controlled clinical trials.

[25]  P. Bingley,et al.  High familial risk and genetic susceptibility in early onset childhood diabetes. , 2002, Diabetes.