Friction Coefficient Definition in Compression-fit Couplings Applying the DOE Method

The design of the fork-pin compression-fit couplings of front motorbike suspensions is uncertain mainly because of the poor knowledge of the mean coupling pressure p, due to the not symmetric geometry of the fork, and of the first friction coefficient μ11. The axial releasing force F11=μ11p.A, which is the fundamental design parameter, indeed depends on the mentioned two factors, usually unknown. In this paper is presented a generalized methodology which is useful to calculate the μ11 parameter concerning the fork-pin couplings of the front motorbike suspensions. The present production is differentiated by the different material of the two elements in contact, the fork and the pin. The possible combinations are: the fork and the pin in steel, the fork in aluminium and the pin in steel and the fork and the pin in aluminium. In previous works two mathematical models have been defined: the first (Croccolo et al [1]) is useful to calculate the mean contact pressure p in every fork-pin coupling by introducing an overall mathematical function, which is able to correct the theoretical formulas valid only for axial-symmetric elements [2]; the second (Croccolo and Reggiani [3]) is useful to calculate the first friction coefficient μ11, as a function of the production and assembly specifications, in couplings with both the fork and the pin in steel. The fundamental goal of this work is to define a mathematical model useful to calculate the first friction coefficients μ11 for the other two combinations of couplings, aluminium-steel and aluminium-aluminium. The second goal is to update an innovative software (Fork Design©), realized by the authors in Visual Basic® programming language, which is useful to perform the design and the verification of the all fork-pin couplings. The mathematical model for μ11 has been defined through FEM analyses, performed with Ansys 9.0® and applying the Design Of Experiment (DOE) method.