Structural components of reading time

Reading times were collected for sentences in passages in order to examine how cognitive resources are distributed among different components of reading. Multiple regression analyses indicated that most of the reading time variance was predicted by macrostructure processing which integrates information from different sentences, as opposed to microstructure processing which includes the processing of words, syntax, and propositions. Experiment 1 revealed that slower readers require more time than faster readers to perform microstructure processing, but no differences were found for macrostructure components of reading. Experiment 2 revealed that variations in reading goals influence macrostructure processing but not microstructure processing. These findings suggest that functionally separate reading skills may be involved in microstructure versus macrostructure processing.

[1]  E. Poulton,et al.  Peripheral vision, refractoriness and eye movements in fast oral reading. , 1962, British journal of psychology.

[2]  James L. McClelland,et al.  Processing determinants of reading speed. , 1979, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[3]  J. F. Mackworth.  Some Models of the Reading Process: Learners and Skilled Readers , 1972 .

[4]  Harry Levin,et al.  STUDIES OF ORAL READING--XII. EFFECTS OF INSTRUCTIONS ON THE EYE-VOICE SPAN. , 1967 .

[5]  J. Frederiksen,et al.  Spelling and sound: Approaches to the internal lexicon. , 1976 .

[6]  James L. McClelland,et al.  Sensory and cognitive determinants of reading speed , 1975 .

[7]  E. B. Huey.  The Psychology And Pedagogy Of Reading , 1908 .

[8]  George Lakoff.  Linguistics and natural logic , 1970 .

[9]  J. L. Mcclelland.  Preliminary letter identification in the perception of words and nonwords. , 1976, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[10]  Walter Kintsch,et al.  Reading rate and retention as a function of the number of propositions in the base structure of sentences , 1973 .

[11]  David E. Rumelhart,et al.  Introduction to human information processing , 1977 .

[12]  P. Thorndyke.  Cognitive structures in comprehension and memory of narrative discourse , 1977, Cognitive Psychology.

[13]  J. Fodor,et al.  The Psychology of Language , 1974 .

[14]  Noam Chomsky,et al.  वाक्यविन्यास का सैद्धान्तिक पक्ष = Aspects of the theory of syntax , 1965 .

[15]  S. Jay Samuels,et al.  Toward a theory of automatic information processing in reading , 1974 .

[16]  L. Postman,et al.  Incidental learning and generality of set. , 1946, Journal of experimental psychology.

[17]  Dominic W. Massaro,et al.  Primary and Secondary Recognition in Reading , 1975 .

[18]  E. Kozminsky,et al.  Altering comprehension: The effect of biasing titles on text comprehension , 1977, Memory & cognition.

[19]  L. C. Gilbert.  Speed of processing visual stimuli and its relation to reading. , 1959 .

[20]  Arthur C. Graesser,et al.  A natural inquiry into the national enquirer: Self‐induced versus task‐induced reading comprehension∗ , 1978 .

[21]  Frederick B. Davis,et al.  Research in comprehension in reading. , 1968 .

[22]  Arthur C. Graesser,et al.  Recognition memory for the meaning and surface structure of sentences , 1975 .

[23]  Miles A. Tinker,et al.  Bases for effective reading , 1967 .

[24]  William A. Woods,et al.  Computational Linguistics Transition Network Grammars for Natural Language Analysis , 2022 .

[25]  Philip B. Gough,et al.  One Second of Reading. , 1972 .

[26]  Arthur C. Graesser,et al.  Advanced Outlines, Familiarity, and Text Genre on Retention of Prose. , 1980 .

[27]  K. Goodman.  Reading: A psycholinguistic guessing game , 1967 .

[28]  E. Gibson,et al.  The Psychology of Reading , 1977 .

[29]  Doris Aaronson,et al.  Performance theories for sentence coding: Some quantitative models , 1977 .

[30]  Jonathan Baron,et al.  Phonemic Stage Not Necessary for Reading , 1973 .

[31]  W. Kintsch,et al.  The representation of meaning in memory , 1974 .

[32]  Joe L. Lewis,et al.  What does it mean to be high verbal? , 1975, Cognitive Psychology.

[33]  Helen K. Smith.  The Responses of Good and Poor Readers When Asked to Read for Different Purposes , 1967 .

[34]  Charles A. Perfetti,et al.  Discourse Comprehension and Sources of Individual Differences. , 1977 .

[35]  Walter Kintsch,et al.  Comprehension and recall of text as a function of content variables , 1975 .

[36]  Daniel G Bobrow,et al.  On data-limited and resource-limited processes , 1975, Cognitive Psychology.

[37]  W. Estes.  The Locus of Inferential and Perceptual Processes in Letter Identification. , 1975 .